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PLEASE help me answer this here is the 2 readings are in the bottom Directions use your argumentative writing rough draft citation page to complete your final draft 1.make sure to include the revisions and edits you made when you write your final draft. 2. Your final draft should be as error free as you can make it . the readings are What are Rights? Human rights are the rights and freedoms that belong to a person simply by being born. Human rights have evolved throughout history alongside the evolution of civilized society. Liberty is freedom in a society that is also free from oppression. Around the world and throughout history, people have been oppressed for a myriad of reasons: caste, race, religion, or other characteristics. The careless mistreatment of human life that was considered acceptable or appropriate legal punishment is unconscionable today. The modern idea of human rights includes the right to life, liberty, education, freedom from slavery and cruelty, the right to own property, freedom of opinion, expression, and more. Civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights also fall under human rights. Key Figures on the Road to Rights Cyrus the King of Persia Cyrus, the first king of Persia, conquered the ancient city of Babylon in 539 BCE. This is now known as modern-day Iraq. He was known to be a great conqueror, but he is also remembered for his kind attitude towards those he defeated. He created a document called "The Cyrus Cylinder." He decided to free all the slaves, announced that everyone had the right to choose their own religion, and promoted racial equality. All of these concepts were written on clay cylinders. For years it was believed that Cyrus's cylinder was the known first document about human rights, but it was later proved to be an inaccurate English translation of the original text. John Locke The 1700s are known as the Enlightenment and also the Age of Reason. It was a time when philosophers, primarily in Europe, began to question the politics of government and the nature and structure of society. Many colonists followed the thinking of these philosophers. Among these philosophers was a man by the name of John Locke. He was originally from England but grew to great prominence among the colonists who were fed up with British rule. Locke's writings questioned the rights of the governed and led to thoughts of an independent America governed by American citizens. In 1689, Locke wrote "no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions." Jefferson borrowed from that sentiment in 1776 when he included the phrase, "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," in the Declaration of Independence. Page 3 Page 2 Directions: Print all pages of the book. Next, cut the pages out by cutting on the dotted lines. Then, put the pages in order and staple the book in the top left corner. Language Arts Grade 5 The American Revolution: A Road to Rights The American Revolution was from 1785 until 1783 and was a conflict between Great Britain and the united thirteen colonies in North America. There was not one individual cause for the revolution but several. Essentially, it was a disagreement about the way that the king of Great Britain treated the American colonies and the way that colonists felt they should be treated. The focus was very much on rights—American colonists felt that they deserved the same rights as British citizens. Great Britain, on the other hand, viewed the American colonies as any other colony and believed that it should be used as it suited Great Britain. The effect of this was a protest that was summed up by the phrase "No taxation without representation." This phrase refers to the resentment that American colonist felt for being taxed by the British without having any elected representation within the British parliament. The British government argued that the American colonists were represented by their royal governors in their reports to parliament, but the colonists believed that was not true representation. Colonists harbored an overall feeling of discontent and distrust against British rule. Causes of the Revolution Americans believed that they should be able to govern themselves and not be controlled by a parliament thousands of miles away in London. The distance between London and America tended to create an independent way of thinking among the colonists in America. There were also colonial legislatures, which meant that American colonies had their own laws to some extent. This is the way that colonists viewed them; however, the British government tried to ensure that these groups did not have much power. The effect of this was that many rebellious groups formed in response to the British government's attempts to control Americans. In addition to the desire to self-govern, economic independence was also an underlying issue in the American Revolution. Britain's involvement in the French and Indian War led to a large amount of debt for the British. Page 4 Page 5 Directions: Print all pages of the book. Next, cut the pages out by cutting on the dotted lines. Then, put the pages in order and staple the book in the top left corner. Language Arts Grade 5 Causes of the Revolution Continued The way that the British attempted to deal with this was to raise funds by cracking down on the smuggling of goods and actually collect taxes on the trade. Though the British government saw this as fair policy, it resulted in colonists feeling as if a tax had been forced upon them. Also, currency was not allowed to be printed in the American colonies. This meant that colonists were dependent on the British economy. This went against the freedoms and rights that many Americans wanted within the new country. The heavy-handed actions of the British army also had a serious impact and effect in America. British soldiers were allowed to search and seize any property they deemed smuggled or illegal. This led to abuse of their powers and corruption of the laws. American colonists fought this law in court but lost. The impact of this was a belief among many colonists that they could not trust the courts and would eventually need to take matters into their own hands. Causes of the Revolution Continued Colonists were imprisoned when they wrote letters or pamphlets about the lack of rights and the betrayal by the British government. A new law required that any British officers accused of any crimes against American colonists would be tried in Great Britain instead of the colonies. This meant that there would be fewer witnesses to the crime because they would have to cross the Atlantic Ocean to testify at trial. This was seen by Americans as another sign of corruption within the British government and another reason for rebellion. All of these grievances led to a belief that American colonists did not have the rights that they desired. This ultimately led to the American Revolution and independence from Britain. Page 7 Page 6 Directions: Print all pages of the book. Next, cut the pages out by cutting on the dotted lines. Then, put the pages in order and staple the book in the top left corner. Language Arts Grade 5 Conclusion From ancient Persia to the American Revolution to modern-day society, the improvements to human rights have been a long and chaotic journey. The journey is not over and continues today. As society changes and people advocate for more freedoms, human rights continue to evolve. One improvement in the works is granting these rights at birth; these are known as natural rights. Once recognized, natural rights could be defended in a court of law when infringed on. The fight for improving rights is an ingrained part of the American culture that lingers long after the American Revolution. People of all ages worldwide continue to strive and advocate for the importance and improvement of human rights. An organization comprised of 51 countries, known as the United Nations, seeks to maintain and promote better living standards and human rights for all people. Page 8 Women's Rights Written by: Kathryn O'Dell The Fight for Women's Rights The women's rights movement in the United States began in the mid-1800s. The movement was broad, with goals ranging from changing marriage laws to giving women equal opportunities for education. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott were pioneers in the women's rights movement. Stanton was a writer and Mott was quaker preacher and an abolitionist, a person opposed to slavery. At the time, it was common for activists to fight for both women's rights and to fight for slavery to end. Stanton and Mott were both activists and helped organize the first convention to discuss women's rights in 1848. Three hundred people, mostly women, attended the convention. The discussions outlined several things that were unfair to women, such as opportunities for education, marriage laws, and property rights. With a group of people from the convention, Stanton wrote the Declaration of Sentiments. They based it on the Declaration of Independence, which declared the thirteen colonies free from British rule. This statement was the first step in forming the United States of America. One part of the declaration states, "all men are created equal." The Declaration of Sentiments declared, "all men and women are created equal." Stanton pushed for women to have voting rights as well, although Mott disagreed. In the end, the members of the convention approved to make voting rights part of the movement. Eventually, the movement focused on women's right to vote, or women's suffrage. In 1850, Stanton met Susan B. Anthony, and they worked together to form a movement only about women's suffrage. After the emancipation of enslaved people in 1863, many activists worked toward an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would allow African-American men to vote. The 15th amendment, passed in 1870, allowed this right. It states, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied [...] by the United States [...] on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." However, there was disagreement on the definition of "citizens," and women were still not allowed to vote. The fight for women's voting rights continued. However, the movement became divided, as Stanton and Anthony argued that Black men should not have the right to vote before white women. Others felt all women should Language Arts Grade 5 Page 2 of 2 be included in the movement, like Sojourner Truth, a writer and activist who had escaped slavery. Despite the disagreements in the women's rights movement and in the women's suffrage movement, women finally got the right to vote in 1920 with the 19th Amendment to the Constitution. This amendment states, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied [...] by the United States [...] on account of sex." On November 2, 1920, over eight million women voted in a U.S. election. The 19th Amendment did not end discrimination for women, but it had a huge impact. It opened the door for women to fight for more rights and continue the women's rights movement.