CRJS 6202 – Human Trafficking (5 credits):Exclusive Course Details

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CRJS 6002 Course Description: CRJS 6002 Course is designed to introduce graduate students to the Department of Criminal Justice Studies and its academic programs. Students will be given an opportunity to become familiar with the department’s graduate study policies and procedures, curriculum, and degree requirements. Additionally, students will be exposed to research methods and resources that are available for use in graduate studies. The CRJS 6002 Course will also provide students with an opportunity to explore their professional goals, interests, and aspirations.

CRJS 6002: Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits)

Description: CRJS 6002 Course is designed to help students successfully transition into a doctoral program in criminology and criminal justice. The CRJS 6002 Course will introduce students to the research process, including topic selection, literature reviews, developing research questions, building a theoretical framework, data collection and analysis, and writing an abstract. Students will learn how to properly cite sources and format papers according to APA standards.

CRJS 6002 Course Details

Drexel University – Online Campus

CRJS 6002 Courses for CRJS 6015 – Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System (3 credits) (CRJS 6015)

Drexel University – Online Campus

CRJS 6002 Course Description: A survey of approaches to and issues in criminological research. Emphasis is placed on the development of research proposals, the relationship of theory to research, and an evaluation of research methodologies in light of ethical considerations. Students will apply concepts learned through a semester-long research project.

Learning Outcomes: By the end of CRJS 6002 Course students will be able to:

1. Understand the relationship between theory and research in criminology;

2. Develop a research proposal;

3. Understand and apply various research methodologies; and

4. Understand ethical considerations in criminological research.

The CRJS 6002 Course is designed to give the student a broad overview of the Criminal Justice field. The CRJS 6002 Course will cover the various components of the criminal justice system and provide an overview of research methods in criminal justice. The CRJS 6002 Course will also provide students with an understanding of the importance of policy in the criminal justice system.

CRJS 5002 – Research Methods in Criminal Justice (3 credits)

Corequisites: CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

CRJS 5004 – Theory and Practice of Applied Research (3 credits)

Corequisites: CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 is a three-credit CRJS 6002 Course that meets for one semester.

Students who successfully complete CRJS 6002 Course will be able to:

Identify the critical elements of the research process. Develop a research proposal to address a criminal justice problem. Analyze theoretical frameworks and substantive literature in the field of criminal justice. Assess methodology for secondary data collection, analysis, and synthesis. Assess ethical considerations of conducting research in criminal justice. Communicate effectively through written work and presentations at a graduate level.

CRJS 6002 Course Learning Outcomes for CRJS 6013 – Theory and Methodology (3 credits) (CRJS 6013)

Students who successfully complete CRJS 6002 Course will be able to:

(CRJS 6002)

The final grade for CRJS 6002 Course is based on the following:

1. Discussion Board Participation (20%)

2. Individual Assignment: Graduate Student Prospectus (40%)

3. Individual Assignment: Reflection Paper (40%)

Foundations of Graduate Study is a three-credit CRJS 6002 Course that is the first CRJS 6002 Course in the Criminal Justice Studies Master’s Degree Program. CRJS 6002 Course provides an overview of the field of criminal justice and the various research methods used in the field. The CRJS 6002 Course also introduces students to the major theoretical perspectives in criminal justice and to the ethical considerations involved in conducting research in the field.

CRJS 6002 Course Delivery Modes for CRJS 6003 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6003)

CRJS 6002 Course Delivery Modes for CRJS 6010 – Criminal Justice Systems and Processes (3 credits) (CRJS 6010)

CRJS 6002 Course Delivery Modes for CRJS 6030 – Administrative Leadership in Criminal Justice (3 credits) (CRJS 6030)

CRJS 6002 Course Delivery Modes for CRJS 6040 – Police Systems and Administration (3 credits) (CRJS 6040)

CRJS 6002 Course Delivery Modes for CRJS 6050 – Leadership in Public Safety Organizations (3 credits) (CRJS 6050)

CRJS 6002 Course Delivery Modes for CRJS 6090 – Research Methods and Analysis in Criminal Justice and Criminology: 1 to 3 credits (CRJS 6090)

CRJS 6002 Course Delivery Modes for CRJS 6100 – Independent Studies: 1 to 3 credits(CRJS 6100)

CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) 3 hours weekly; 3 credits

Prerequisite(s): Admission to the Master of Science in Criminal Justice program.

Students will learn basic research methods, literature search strategies, and the use of library resources. Students will also be provided with opportunities to learn about graduate programs, their requirements and expectations. The use of computers for research and writing will be addressed. Effective writing at the graduate level is a major emphasis of CRJS 6002 Course. Other topics may include academic integrity and ethics, effective communication, quantitative literacy, and information literacy.

Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) CRJS 6002 Course is designed to prepare students for the rigors of graduate study by providing an overview of research methods, academic writing, and critical thinking skills. Students will be expected to identify a research problem and design a research proposal that incorporates all three components.

Listed below are suggested CRJS 6002 Course resources and/or books. Students should check with their instructor prior to purchasing any of the following books or other resource materials.

• The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (20th ed.) (ISBN: 978-1609807096)

– Spring 2020

Journal for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits)
Week 1
The class has been enjoyable so far. I like the mix of theoretical and practical application. We have covered a lot of ground in the first week. The assignments have been challenging, but also very informative. I am looking forward to learning more about research methods and design in the coming weeks.

CRJS 6002 Course will provide an overview of the foundational knowledge and skills that students need to be successful in graduate-level research, writing, and communication. Students will explore and practice the following topics: library research; critical thinking; information literacy; academic honesty; APA style; writing clearly and concisely; summarizing, paraphrasing, and synthesizing literature; writing literature reviews; developing research proposals; presenting research orally.

The following are some suggested resources for CRJS 6002 Course:

Books:

• American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. • Bedford/St. Martin’s. (2012). Writing in the disciplines: A reader for writers (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s. • Beins, B. C., & Beins, A. M. (2012). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. • Hartley, J., & Rudestam, K. E. (2007). Your statistical consultant: Answers to your data analysis questions (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. • Swales, J., & Feak, C. B. (2004). Academic writing for graduate students: Essential tasks and skills (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. • Zimbardo, P., Johnson, R., & McCann, V. L. (2011). Psychology core concepts (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Websites:

• American Psychological Association http://www.apa.org/ • APA Style Guide to Electronic References http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html • APA Style Guide to Electronic References http://owl.english

The name of my research project is: The Relationship Between Gang Membership and Recidivism.

My research question is: What is the relationship between gang membership and recidivism?

I will be using a quantitative research design to answer my research question. I will be using data from the National Gang Center’s National Gang Database. This database contains information on gang members who have been arrested and/or convicted of crimes. I will be using this data to examine the relationship between gang membership and recidivism.

I expect that my research will show that there is a relationship between gang membership and recidivism. I believe that this relationship exists because gangs provide their members with a sense of belonging and identity, which can lead to criminal activity. Additionally, gangs often engage in illegal activity, which can lead to arrest and incarceration.

CRJS 6002 Course Practicum for CRJS 6022 – Research Methods (3 credits) (CRJS 6022)

CRJS 6002 Course Practicum for CRJS 6032 – Legal Issues and the Administration of Criminal Justice (3 credits) (CRJS 6032)

CRJS 6002 Course Practicum for CRJS 6062 – Corrections (3 credits) (CRJS 6062)

CRJS 6002 Course Practicum for CRJS 6092 – Policing in a Free Society (3 credits) (CRJS 6092)

CRJS 6002 Course Practicum for CRJS 6102 – Comparative Criminal Justice Systems (3 credits) (CRJS 6102)

CRJS 6002 Course Practicum for CRJS 6122 – Contemporary Issues in Law Enforcement (3 credits) (CRJS 6122)

Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) introduces students to the methods, skills and attitudes necessary for success in graduate programs at OU. Students will learn about library research, academic writing, time management and other skills that will help them be successful in the program. The CRJS 6002 Course will also provide an overview of the departmental curriculum and introduce students to a variety of research methods.

Question 1 (1.5 points)

The first generation of law enforcement in the United States was known as professional police. Which of the following best describes this type of policing?

A) The officers hired by the city to keep order were considered as professionals by the public and by themselves.

B) The officers received training from a variety of individuals, including those who had worked in Great Britain.

C) The officers were hired on a competitive basis and given a great deal of discretion in carrying out their duties.

D) Officers who did not perform their duties properly could be fired at any time.

What Should Students Expect to Be Tested from CRJS 6002 Course Midterm Exam

The midterm exam for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study will cover the following topics:

1. Introduction to the field of criminal justice

2. Theories of crime and criminology

3. The criminal justice system

4. Research methods in criminal justice

How to Prepare for CRJS 6002 Course Midterm Exam

1. Review the CRJS 6002 Course syllabus and identify the topics that will be covered on the exam.

2. Review your notes from class and identify key concepts that will be tested on the exam.

3. Use online resources and review materials to supplement your understanding of key concepts.

4. Develop a study plan and schedule time to review all of the concepts that will be covered on the exam.

5. Take practice exams to become familiar with the types of questions that will be asked on the actual exam.

Midterm Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Bing

1. What are the five parts of a crime?

2. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?

3. What are the three elements of a crime?

4. What is the difference between criminal law and civil law?

5. What are the four types of crimes?

Midterm Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Google

1. How has the study of criminology evolved over time?
2. What are the different schools of thought in criminology?
3. What are the major theoretical perspectives in criminology?
4. What is crime?
5. How is crime defined?
6. What are the different types of crime?
7. Who commits crime?
8. Why do people commit crime?
9. What are the consequences of crime?
10. How can crime be prevented?

Name:

1. What are the different types of scientific research?

2. What is a hypothesis? How is it used in scientific research?

3. What are the steps of the scientific method?

4. What are some of the ethical considerations that must be taken into account when conducting scientific research?

5. What is a literature review? Why is it important in scientific research?

What Should Students Expect to Be Tested from CRJS 6002 Course Final Exam

The CRJS 6002 Course final exam for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study will cover the material covered in the lectures and readings for the CRJS 6002 Course. The exam will be multiple choice and short answer.

How to Prepare for CRJS 6002 Course Final Exam

The final exam for CRJS 6002 Course is comprehensive and covers all of the material that has been presented throughout the semester. In order to prepare for the exam, students should review all of their notes, handouts, and readings. Additionally, it may be helpful to create a study guide or outline of the material covered in the CRJS 6002 Course. Finally, students should take practice quizzes or exams to ensure that they are fully prepared for the final exam.

Final Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Bing

1. What is the main difference between civil and criminal law?
2. What are the three components of a crime?
3. What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?
4. What are the four elements of proof necessary to convict someone of a crime?
5. What is the difference between direct and circumstantial evidence?

Final Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Google

1. What are the major goals of the criminal justice system?

2. What are the different types of crime?

3. What are the different types of punishment?

4. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?

5. What is the difference between a summary offense and an indictable offense?

6. What is the difference between a capital offense and a non-capital offense?

7. What are the different types of evidence?

8. What is the burden of proof in a criminal case?

9. What are the different stages of a criminal trial?

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Description

CRJS 6002 Course is designed to help students make a successful transition to graduate-level study. The CRJS 6002 Course begins with an overview of the field of criminal justice, providing students with an understanding of the historical development, major paradigms, and central theoretical debates that have shaped the field. The CRJS 6002 Course then focuses on developing the skills necessary for success in a graduate program, including writing papers, conducting research, and engaging in critical thinking and analysis. Throughout the CRJS 6002 Course, students will be asked to reflect on their own goals and interests within the field of criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Outline

Week 1: Introduction to the Foundations of Graduate Study

• What is graduate study?

• The nature of research

• Review of the research process

• The importance of literature reviews

• The difference between qualitative and quantitative research methods

• An introduction to data analysis

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Objectives

1. Understand and apply concepts of ethics in the practice of criminal justice.

2. Understand and analyze the major theoretical perspectives in criminology and criminal justice.

3. Understand and apply research methods used in the study of criminology and criminal justice.

4. Understand and analyze crime and criminality from multiple perspectives.

5. Understand and apply critical thinking skills to the study of criminology and criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Pre-requisites

Prerequisites: Graduate standing. CRJS 6002 Course is required of all new Criminal Justice graduate students. The purpose of CRJS 6002 Course is to provide students with a broad overview of the foundations of graduate study in the field of criminal justice and to prepare students for success in their academic career at University of Maryland Global Campus. The CRJS 6002 Course will cover topics such as academic writing, research methods, and statistics. Students will have opportunities to work on academic writing, research methods, and statistics.

Week 2 CRJS 6010 – Introduction to Criminological Theory (3 credits) (CRJS 6010)

CRJS 6002 Course examines major criminological theories from classical and contemporary perspectives. Students learn about etiological theories that attempt to explain the causes of crime and delinquency, including biological, psychological, sociological, and economic approaches. Students also examine social control theories that attempt to explain why people conform to the law and how they are controlled by agents of socialization such as family, school, and peers. In addition, students learn about critical theories that examine how power relations in society affect crime and criminal justice.

Week 3 CRJS 6020 – Crime Mapping (3 credits) (CRJS 6020)

CRJS 6002 Course introduces students to mapping technology for analyzing crime data using geographic information systems (GIS). GIS allows users to create maps that display data in layers so that patterns can be identified more easily than with traditional two-dimensional maps. CRJS 6002 Course teaches students how to use GIS software to create crime maps, how to select appropriate data sources for crime analysis, how to interpret results from mapping analyses, and how to communicate findings effectively. Students also learn about ethical issues related to the use of GIS for crime analysis.

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Duration

Week 1: Introduction to the CRJS 6002 Course
In the first week of the CRJS 6002 Course, students will be introduced to the expectations, assignments, and requirements for the CRJS 6002 Course. Students will also be given an overview of the criminal justice system and its various components.

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Learning Outcomes

1. Become familiar with graduate-level research in the field of criminal justice and criminology.

2. Understand how to critically evaluate research in the field of criminal justice and criminology.

3. Develop an understanding of the major theoretical perspectives in the field of criminal justice and criminology.

4. Understand the major methodological approaches used in research in the field of criminal justice and criminology.

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Assessment & Grading

1. How do you think the assessment and grading procedures for this class might differ from undergraduate CRJS 6002 Courses?

2. How do you think your performance in this class might be different from your performance in undergraduate CRJS 6002 Courses?

3. What do you think are the benefits of having a grading system that is based on a portfolio of work, rather than on exams or papers?

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Suggested Resources/Books

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Suggested Resources/Books for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Suggested Resources/Books for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Suggested Resources/Books for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Suggested Resources/Books for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. Define the term “scholar.” In your own words, what are some characteristics of a scholar?

A scholar is an expert in a particular field of study who is recognized as such by other scholars in the same field. Scholars typically have advanced degrees and are engaged in ongoing research in their field of expertise. Some characteristics of scholars include intellectual curiosity, critical thinking, and a commitment to lifelong learning.

2. What is the difference between a “research question” and a “hypothesis”?

A research question is a question that a researcher seeks to answer through their research. A hypothesis is a specific prediction that a researcher makes about what they will find in their research.

3. What is the scientific method? Describe each step of the scientific method in your own words.

The scientific method is a process for conducting scientific research. It includes steps such as formulating a research question, making a hypothesis, conducting experiments or observations, analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions. The scientific method is used to ensure that research is conducted in a systematic and rigorous manner.

4. What is peer review? Why is it important?

Peer review is the process by which scholars in a particular field of study critically evaluate each other’s work. It is important because it helps to ensure that only high-quality research is published in academic journals. Peer review also allows for constructive feedback that can improve the quality of future research.

5. What are academic journals? Why are they important?

Academic journals are scholarly publications that contain articles written by experts in a particular field of study. They are important because they provide a forum for scholars to share their research with each other and advance knowledge in their field of expertise. Academic journals are also often used as sources of information by students and scholars doing research on a particular topic.

6. What is plagiarism? Why is it considered unethical?

Plagiarism is the act of copying someone else’s work without giving them credit. It is considered unethical because it represents a violation of academic integrity. When someone plagiarizes, they are claiming someone else’s work as their own, which dishonest and unfair. Plagiarism can also lead to disciplinary action from schools or employers.

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. Explain how the scientific method applies to research in criminal justice.

2. Discuss how research in criminal justice differs from other social sciences.

3. Identify and describe the major theoretical perspectives in criminal justice research.

4. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative and qualitative research methods.

5. Explain the ethical considerations involved in conducting criminal justice research.

6. Discuss the importance of theory in criminal justice research.

7. Explain the process of formulating a research question.

8. Describe the steps involved in conducting a literature review.

9. Explain the purpose of a research proposal.

10. Discuss the different types of data that are collected in criminal justice research.

11. Describe the process of data analysis in quantitative research.

12. Discuss the methods used to interpret qualitative data.

13. Explain how to write an effective research report.

14. Discuss the importance of peer review in scientific research.

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

– DeVry University

1. Research a topic of interest to you in criminal justice and prepare a paper discussing your findings. Your paper should be at least five pages (double-spaced) long, not counting the title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Include at least four scholarly sources from the Library, in addition to the textbook, to support your contentions. Be sure to cite your sources both in-text and on the reference page. 2. Prepare a one-page cover letter for your future employer stating why you are an excellent candidate for a position with their company and what qualifications you have that will make you successful in this new position. This can be a job in any area of criminal justice. 3. Create a PowerPoint presentation with speaker notes discussing your research paper topic from Question 1 above. The presentation should be at least five slides long, not counting the title and reference slides, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Include at least four scholarly sources from the Library, in addition to the textbook, on each slide to support your contentions. Be sure to cite your sources both on each slide and on the reference page. 4. Develop an annotated bibliography with at least eight scholarly sources that discuss your research paper topic from Question 1 above. Your annotation for each source should be at least 75 words long and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Be sure to include proper citations for each source both in-text and on the reference page

CRJS 6002 Week 1 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

To access the 20 Questions for this Discussion, please click on the following link: 20 Questions for DQ 1

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

“What is a crime?” (p. 10). How would you define crime? What are the different types of crimes? How do these crimes impact society?

“What is the criminal justice system?” (p. 11). How would you define the criminal justice system? What are its main components? How does it operate?

“What are the goals of the criminal justice system?” (p. 12). What are the goals of the criminal justice system? How do these goals impact the way the system operates?

“How do we measure crime?” (p. 13). How do we measure crime? What are some of the challenges in measuring crime? What impact does measurement have on the criminal justice system?

“What is victimization?” (p. 14). What is victimization? What are some of the different types of victimization? How does victimization impact society?

“What are some of the issues facing victims of crime?” (p. 15). What are some of the issues facing victims of crime? How do these issues impact victimization rates?

CRJS 6002 Week 1 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

What are your thoughts about victimization? Have you ever been the victim of a crime? If so, how did it make you feel? If not, what do you think it would feel like to be the victim of a crime? How do you think victims of crime should be treated by the criminal justice system? Explain.

Victimization can have a profound effect on individuals. Victims of crime can experience a wide range of emotions, including fear, anxiety, shame, and anger. They may also suffer physical and psychological injuries. The criminal justice system should treat victims with compassion and respect. Victims should be given the opportunity to participate in the criminal justice process and to receive restitution for their losses.

CRJS 6002 Week 1 Quiz (20 Questions)

1. How long should each weekly reflection be?

2. How many sources should be used in each weekly reflection?

3. What is the purpose of the weekly reflections?

4. What is the due date for the first draft of the research paper?

5. What is the due date for the final draft of the research paper?

6. How many pages should the research paper be?

7. What is the purpose of the research paper?

8. What format should be used for the research paper?

9. Who will review and provide feedback on the research paper drafts?

10. How many times can you revise your research paper?

CRJS 6002 Week 1 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. Which of the following is an advantage of field research?

a. Field research is typically less expensive than lab research.

b. Field research is more ecologically valid than lab research.

c. Field research can be used to study phenomena that cannot be studied in a lab setting.

d. All of the above are advantages of field research.

2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of longitudinal research designs?

a. Longitudinal designs allow for the assessment of change over time.

b. Longitudinal designs are more efficient than cross-sectional designs.

c. Longitudinal designs allow for the assessment of change over multiple generations.

d. All of the above are advantages of longitudinal research designs.

3. A researcher wants to study how violent media affects aggression in children. Which design would be most appropriate for this study?

a. A longitudinal design with a control group and an experimental group

b. A cross-sectional design with a control group and an experimental group

c. A case study design with a control group and an experimental group

d. A longitudinal design with no control group or experimental group

4. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

a. Qualitative data are numerical and quantitative data are non-numerical.
b. Qualitative data are collected through observation and quantitative data are collected through surveys.
c. Quantitative data are more reliable than qualitative data.
d. There is no difference between qualitative and quantitative data

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Description

CRJS 6002 Course is designed to assist students in making a successful transition to graduate study. Students will explore the expectations, rigors, and rewards of advanced scholarship and research. The CRJS 6002 Course will cover such topics as: developing a research question; reviewing the literature; ethical issues in research; writing proposals; quantitative and qualitative methods; and, preparing presentations.

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Outline

Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits)

CRJS 6002 Course introduces students to the study of criminology and criminal justice at the graduate level. Students will explore the major theoretical approaches to the study of crime and criminal justice, as well as the major research methods used by scholars in this field. In addition, students will have an opportunity to develop their skills in writing and critical thinking at the graduate level.

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Objectives

Upon successful completion of CRJS 6002 Course, students will be able to:

1. Explain and apply the concept of organizational climate.

2. Compare and contrast different types of organizational climates.

3. Explain how the concept of organizational climate can be used to improve organizational effectiveness.

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Pre-requisites

Corequisites CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) CRJS 6002 Course Description CRJS 6002 Course is designed to facilitate the transition to graduate study and help students develop research, writing, and analytical skills. Particular emphasis is placed on developing a critical understanding of criminological research, literature reviews, and writing styles within the context of the field of criminal justice. Students will be required to select a topic for their capstone project and formulate a literature review related to that topic.

Learning Outcomes for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) 1. Analyze and evaluate various research methods used in criminology. 2. Develop an understanding of theoretical explanations of crime, victimization, and deviance. 3. Analyze and evaluate what constitutes criminological evidence as it relates to policy analysis and practice evaluation. 4. Engage in critical thinking about crime control strategies/policies and their effectiveness 5. Develop writing skills specific to criminological scholarship through an analysis of the literature within their chosen concentration area(s). 6. Prepare a professional research proposal describing methods they will use in their capstone project in order to demonstrate scholarly ability using appropriate research tools, resources, formats, etc., 7. Formulate research questions relating to their chosen concentration area(s). 8. Critically analyze past literature relevant to their chosen concentration area(s). 9. Formulate a hypothesis based on existing data within their chosen concentration area(s). 10. Describe how they plan on measuring variables related to their proposed hypothesis 11. Identify what statistical techniques may be used for data analysis related to their proposed hypothesis 12 Describe how results from statistical analysis will be reported 13 Create a report reflecting findings from their capstone project that explains what was learned from this experience as it relates to the field of criminal justice 14 Create a discussion of future areas for research related to this subject matter

CRJS 6103 – Theories of Crime (3 credits) Prerequisites Masters Program Admissions Corequisites none CRJS 6002 Course Description The purpose of this class is threefold: first, it introduces students to the major theories that explain individual behavior; second, it exposes students to the variety of uses that theory can have within criminology; finally, it develops student’s ability to analyze data by applying theory during practical assignments provided throughout the semester.. Learning Outcomes for CRJS 6103 – Theories of Crime (3 credits) 1 Analyze theories focused on explaining individual behavior 2 Evaluate how theories can be applied within criminology 3 Apply theories practically by analyzing available data 4 Describe how theories influence policy development 5 Analyze new developments in theory construction

CRJS 6104 – Theory Development & Testing (3 credits) Prerequisites Masters Program Admissions Corequisites none CRJS 6002 Course Description The purpose of this class is twofold: firstly it introduces students to some common methods employed by researchers in testing theories; secondly it develops students ability do some basic statistical testing using SPSS software programs

Learning Outcomes for CRJS 6104 – Theory Development & Testing (3 credits) 1 Identify which types of tests are most appropriate given certain circumstances 2 Select appropriate statistical tests given certain circumstances 3 Assess the strengths and limitations associated with various test methods 4 Construct tables showing results from test analyses 5 Develop conclusions based on test results 6 Interpret results generated by statistical testing software programs 7 Describe where different test analyses might be found in peer reviewed journals 8 Understand when statistical tests are appropriately used during interpretation 9 Understand why interpretation is more important than simple reporting 10 Make recommendations based upon conclusion drawn from interpretation

CRJS 6105 – Qualitative Methods I (3 credits) Prerequisites Masters Program Admissions Corequisites none CRJS 6002 Course Description CRJS 6002 Course focuses on qualitative methods commonly used in criminal justice research including ethnography, participant observation, interviewing techniques and focus groups Learning Outcomes for CRJS 6105 – Qualitative Methods I (3 credits) 1 Understand differences between qualitative and quantitative approaches 2 Explain differences between primary and secondary sources 3 Describe strategies for collecting qualitative data 4 Explain differences between structured versus unstructured interviews 5 Discuss differences between semi-structured interviews versus structured interviews 6 Describe techniques involved in conducting ethnographic observations 7 Define common terms associated with qualitative observation 8 Discuss interview techniques commonly used during participant observation 9 Discuss ways that observation may impact subject behavior 10 Explain common mistakes made when conducting observational studies 11 Define focus groups 12 Discuss advantages/disadvantages associated with focus group methodology 13 Discuss common practices employed during focus group study design 14 Explain ethical considerations related to qualitative methodology

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Duration

This is a three credit CRJS 6002 Course, which means it should last for approximately three weeks.

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Learning Outcomes

* Explain the major areas of study in the field of criminology and criminal justice
* Discuss how research is used to advance knowledge in criminology and criminal justice
* Describe the scientific method and its application to research in criminology and criminal justice

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Assessment & Grading

Question 1 5 / 5 pts

Each of the following except one was identified by John Whitehead as a fundamental principle in the American Constitution. Which is not a fundamental principle?

The rule of law The free exercise of religion Equality before the law Separation of powers Question 2 5 / 5 pts The Bill of Rights was designed to protect the people from abuses committed by each of the following except: Congress The states Individuals The executive branch Question 3 5 / 5 pts According to Oliver Wendell Holmes, “The right to swing my fist ends where the other man’s nose begins.” What does this statement mean? Only those with money have rights. All rights are absolute. The government can take away any rights it wants. Everyone has a right to do what he or she wants as long as it does not infringe on the rights of others. Question 4 0 / 5 pts Choose the true statement about civil law systems. Civil law systems are based on common law traditions that recognize the primacy of judicial precedent. Civil law systems allow judges to decide cases using their own interpretation of statutes, which is bound by precedent set by previous courts in similar cases and other relevant sources, such as morality and public policy considerations. Civil law systems allow judges to decide cases based on their own interpretation of statutes and often do not consider relevant precedent set by previous courts in similar cases and other legal sources, such as morality and public policy considerations. Civil law systems are based on common law traditions that recognize the primacy of statutory interpretation by judges and ignore precedent set by previous courts in similar cases or other legal sources, such as morality and public policy considerations. Question 5 0 / 5 pts Which amendment to the U.S Constitution protects individuals from having their property taken for public use without due process or just compensation? Fourth Fifth Eighth Fourteenth

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Suggested Resources/Books

https://www.cengage.com/c/criminological-theory-context-and-consequences-5th-edition/9780840029508?term=9780840029508&gclid=Cj0KCQiA1pyCBhCZARIsAGKWw5nfuDV2BHdTSMd5cKGX9Fv8t0WgpNvO7VyGG0KyPCrdUpJLl9Xe5aAlFQEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds

http://www.amazon.com/Criminological-Theory-6th-Lilly- Cullen/dp/1483317530/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1548679635&sr=8-1&keywords=criminological+theory%2C+lilly%2C+cullen
https://www.amazon.com/Criminological-Theory-Explaining-Essence-Crime/dp/0195384636/ref=pd_sim_14_3?ie=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=D4FYVNZT6PB7T6T7DB6M

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a scientific theory?

A. It can be observed and tested.
B. It is based on assumptions.
C. It can be proven to be true or false.
D. It is subject to change based on new evidence.

C. It can be proven to be true or false.

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

– Ohio University

1. What is meant by the term “professionalization” as it relates to the field of criminal justice?

2. What are some of the key elements of professionalization in the field of criminal justice?

3. What are some of the benefits of professionalization in the field of criminal justice?

4. What are some of the challenges associated with professionalization in the field of criminal justice?

5. How has professionalization in the field of criminal justice evolved over time?

6. What factors have contributed to the evolution of professionalization in the field of criminal justice?

7. What are some of the challenges facing professionalization in the field of criminal justice today?

8. How can professionalization in the field of criminal justice be promoted?

9. What role do education and training play in promoting professionalization in the field of criminal justice?

10. What role do research and scholarship play in promoting professionalization in the field of criminal justice?

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Instructions: 1. Copy and paste the 20 Questions into a Word document. 2. Respond to each question in one or two paragraphs (100-200 words). 3. Cite at least one reference for each question. 4. Save the document as a Word document, then submit it through Blackboard (CRJS 6002 Course Content > CRJS 6002 Course Project). Please use proper APA 6th edition formatting for your citations and references.

CRJS 6002 Week 2 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are your thoughts on the article? Do you agree with the conclusions drawn by the author?
2. What do you think are the most important factors to consider when designing a research study?
3. What do you think are the most important ethical considerations when conducting research?
4. What do you think is the most important thing to remember when writing a research paper?
5. What do you think is the most important thing to remember when presenting research findings?
6. How do you think researchers can ensure that their studies are rigorous and objective?
7. How do you think researchers can ensure that their studies are ethical?
8. What do you think is the most important thing to remember when critiquing research?
9. What do you think is the most important thing to remember when reviewing research proposals?
10. How can researchers ensure that their studies will be useful to practitioners?

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is the relationship between freedom of speech and the right to privacy? How might one limit another?
2. What are the differences between libel and slander? Which is more difficult to prove? Why?
3. How is a search warrant obtained? What types of searches and seizures are allowed under the warrant?
4. How does the exclusionary rule work? What are its exceptions?
5. How does the plain view doctrine work? What are its requirements?
6. What is stop and frisk? What are its requirements?
7. What is a Miranda warning? When must it be given?
8. What are an arrestee’s rights during a police interrogation?
9. How does entrapment work? What are its requirements?
10. Can a defendant in a criminal case be compelled to testify against him or herself? If so, how?
11. Can a defendant in a criminal case be compelled to take a lie detector test or submit to other forms of polygraphy? If so, how?
12. Can a defendant in a criminal case be required to take a blood, urine, or breathalyzer test to determine intoxication? If so, how?
13. What is the difference between direct and circumstantial evidence? Which is more persuasive to a jury? Why?
14. What are the three types of hearsay exceptions recognized by most jurisdictions? Which is the most commonly used exception? Why?
15. Can prior bad acts be admitted as evidence in a criminal trial? If so, how and under what circumstances?
16. Can character evidence be admitted as evidence in a criminal trial (i.e., witness testimony about the defendant’s good or bad character)? If so, how and under what circumstances)?
17. Can victims or witnesses in a criminal trial be compelled to testify against their will (i.e., through the use of subpoena power)? If so, how and under what circumstances)?
18. Can defendants in a criminal trial be compelled to take the stand and testify in their own defense (i.e., through the use of subpoena power)? If so, how and under what circumstances)?
19. If a defendant testifies at trial, can he or she later refuse to answer questions on cross-examination based on Fifth Amendment protections (i.e., “take the Fifth”)? If so, under what circumstances can this happen)
20. Is there anything else you would like to know about freedom of speech and the right to privacy that we did not cover in this discussion

CRJS 6002 Week 2 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

Question 1

What are some of the ethical considerations when performing research on criminals?

Question 2

How might criminals react to being studied by researchers?

Question 3

What are some of the ways that researchers can ensure that their research is ethical?

Question 4

What are some of the benefits of conducting research on criminals?

Question 5

What are some of the risks associated with conducting research on criminals?

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1.1. To be considered valid, an expert opinion must be: (Points : 1)

Objective and unbiased.

Consistent with previous opinions.

Founded on personal experience and observation.

All of the above

Question 2.2. The most fundamental issues to consider when examining whether a particular research study is scientifically valid are: (Points : 1)

The internal validity and external validity of the study.

The reliability and validity of the data collected in the study.

The usefulness of the conclusions derived from the study’s findings.

Question 3.3. Research that examines if one variable can predict or explain another variable is referred to as: (Points : 1) ethnographic research. observational research. correlational research. experimental research. Question 4.4. One problem that sometimes exists in scientific research is that subjects may respond in ways that they think will please the researcher rather than accurately reporting what they have experienced or observed, which is known as: (Points : 1) observer error . self-fulfilling prophecies . social desirability bias . experimenter error . Question 5.5. A study to examine whether men and women differ in their attitudes toward policing activities would use which method? (Points : 1) Correlational Experimental Quasi-experimental Ethnographic Question 6 . 6 . In its simplest form, a hypothesis states that: (Points : 1) there is no difference between two groups under study in terms of some specific outcome or dependent variable . one independent variable has a significant effect on one dependent variable without being affected by other variables present in the study . different independent variables affect different dependent variables without being affected by other variables present in the study . all of the above are possible outcomes of hypothesis testing using scientific methods of research . Question 7 . 7 . Although there are many similarities between applied and basic scientific research , applied science differs from basic science in that it emphasizes: (Points : 1) developing new theories and models to explain phenomena while basic science focuses more on collecting empirical evidence to support existing theories and models developing new technology to solve specific problems while basic science focuses more on new theory development solving problems through long-term studies while basic science focuses more on short-term studies collecting objective evidence about phenomena while basic science relies heavily on anecdotal information about phenomena Question 8 . 8 . Which of the following individuals would NOT be included as an active participant in a study? (Points : 1) The instructor who conducts a class A student who completes a class assignment A business manager who oversees store operations All of the above could be considered active participants since they are actively engaged with each other during some type of interaction Question 9 9 Which statement best describes how operational definitions can be used in research? (Points : 1) To define a behavior for observation so researchers know when it occurs To describe how an activity should be carried out during an experiment so researchers get consistent results To measure something so researchers know how much has been measured To make sure each observer understands what behavior he or she should be looking for during an experiment Question 10 10 When comparing two groups , which statistical technique is used most often when attempting to examine relationships among independent variables? (Points : 1) Chi-square analysis Correlation analysis Analysis of variance Regression analysis Question 11 11 A researcher investigating police corruption would most likely use which methodology? (Points : 1) Quasi-experimental Naturalistic observations Ethnography Survey Research Question 12 12 Which element below describes what actually happens during an experiment ? (Points : 1) Experimental design Independent Variable Dependent Variable Treatment group Control group Question 13 13 In order for students to properly apply ethical principles from CRJS 6002 Course to conduct future scientific research , it is necessary for them first to understand: (Points : 1) The legal ramifications surrounding scientific misconduct The meaning behind common ethical codes related to scientific Misconduct The legal consequences for breaching confidentiality agreements All of the above need to be understood before students can apply ethical principles from CRJS 6002 Course successfully during future scientific research projects Question 14 14 Which statement best describes what actually happens during an experiment?( Points : 1 ) Experimental design Independent Variable Dependent Variable Treatment group Control group Question 15 15 How many respondents are surveyed when using a convenience sample ?( Points :1 ) 20 50 100 200Question 16 16 Which statement best describes how operational definitions can be used in research?( Points :1 ) To define a behavior for observation so researchers know when it occurs To describe how an activity should be carried out during an experiment so researchers get consistent results To measure something so researchers know how much has been measured All of these statements accurately describe operational definitions within scientific research Question 17 17 When trying to collect data regarding subject attitude toward a particular phenomenon , which method would NOT produce scientifically valid results ?( Points :1 ) Survey Naturalistic observation Participant observation Interviews QUESTION 18 18 There are three main types of quasi-experimental designs.( Points:1 ) What are those types? Explain them briefly.( Minimum word count 125 words, not including references.) Use minimum two references.( Include reference citations within your essay body, not just at end.)For example if you use “Jones” as your second reference, you must type out his last name somewhere within your essay body where you discuss whatever it was he wrote about.)If you do not type out his last name at least once somewhere within your essay body, I will deduct points!So if Jones says something like this:”There were three types”You must also include his last name with that sentence!He says “there were three types.” You must also say “there were three types.”Why do I require this? Because otherwise I don’t know whose idea you’re presenting! Imagine yourself sitting down with me at my kitchen table having coffee together discussing this topic!You wouldn’t start talking and then tell me Jones said something because we already know Jones said something! You’d say “Jones says blah blah blah…..”Get it?!So don’t make me deduct points by neglecting this important requirement!This sounds like common sense but every semester I get papers where someone tells me what Jones said but then never mentions his last name again throughout their essay body!So remember… every time you mention Jones’ idea, you must include his last name somewhere within your sentence!!!Thank you!!QUESTION 1919 Why is random sampling important when conducting surveys?( Points:1 ) Give at least two reasons why random sampling is important when conducting surveys.( Minimum word count 75 words, not including references.) Use minimum two references.( Include reference citations within your essay body, not just at end.)QUESTION 2020 What is critical thinking?”Please address these questions thoroughly”

CRJS 6002 Week 2 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

Question 1: (TCO A) Why is the concept of “the police” important?

Question 2: (TCO A) Who are the primary consumers of police services?

Question 3: (TCO A) How do the concepts of discretion and discretionariness differ?

Question 4: (TCO A) What are some possible dangers associated with the police use of discretion?

Question 5: (TCO B) What type of society do you think would be most likely to produce crime? Why?

CRJS 6002 Week 2 Discussion Questions for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Description

CRJS 6002 Course will provide students with an overview of the foundations of graduate study. The CRJS 6002 Course will focus on the following topics: research methods, literature reviews, data analysis, and writing in the field of criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Outline

CRJS 6002 Course is an introduction to the study of criminal justice and criminology at the graduate level. The CRJS 6002 Course will cover such topics as research methods, theoretical perspectives, and substantive areas of study in the field. Students will also be introduced to the skills necessary for success in graduate school, including writing a literature review, developing research proposals, and giving presentations.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Objectives

CRJS 6002 Course Objectives:

1. Develop an understanding of the process of scientific research in criminology and criminal justice.

2. Understand and apply basic concepts of research design and methods in criminology and criminal justice.

3. Understand the ethical considerations involved in conducting scientific research.

4. Understand the major theoretical perspectives in criminology and criminal justice.

5. Understand the major methodological approaches used in criminology and criminal justice research.

6. Understand the major substantive areas of research in criminology and criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Pre-requisites

CRJS 6002 Course Description: In this class, students will be exposed to the research methods and skills necessary to successfully engage in graduate level research.

CRJS 6002 Course CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) CRJS 6002 Course Description: In this class, students will be exposed to the research methods and skills necessary to successfully engage in graduate level research. Students will learn how to develop a research question, review the literature related to their topic, formulate a testable hypothesis, select an appropriate research design, collect and analyze data using statistical methods, and write a scientific paper. In addition, students will be expected to present their findings in both oral and written formats.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Duration

Week 3 covers the topic of research methods in criminal justice. Students will learn about various research methodologies and how to apply them in the field of criminal justice. In addition, students will be introduced to statistical methods and how to use them to analyze data.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Learning Outcomes

• Understand the research process.

• Formulate research questions and hypotheses.

• Select an appropriate research design.

• Collect and analyze data.

• Write a research report.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Assessment & Grading

Please read the following documents prior to taking this assessment:

The grading system at Walden University is comprised of the following categories. Your performance will be graded based on these standards and will be reflected in the grade for each individual assessment.

Please review these standards prior to taking your assessment to ensure that you are aware of what is required and expected of you.

If you have questions about a specific grading criterion, please ask your instructor prior to beginning your assessment. In addition, keep in mind that, as is the case with all academic work at Walden, academic honesty is expected in all assessments. Any form of cheating or plagiarism will result in a failing grade for the assessment and possible additional disciplinary action. Please refer to the Academic Integrity Module within your Start Here unit for additional information about academic integrity at Walden University.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Suggested Resources/Books

1. Required Textbook:

Babbie, E. (2007). The basics of social research (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.

2. Reference Books:

Siegel, L. J., & Bartollas, C. (2006). Juvenile delinquency: Theory, practice, and law (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is the fundamental difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?

A scientific theory is a proposed explanation for how something works, while a scientific law is an observed relationship between two or more things.

2. What is the difference between an inductive and a deductive approach to scientific inquiry?

An inductive approach to scientific inquiry relies on observing data and then formulating hypotheses based on what was observed. A deductive approach to scientific inquiry starts with a hypothesis and then uses observations to test that hypothesis.

3. What are the basic steps of the scientific method?

The basic steps of the scientific method are: 1) Make an observation 2) Formulate a hypothesis 3) Test the hypothesis 4) Analyze the results 5) Draw a conclusion.

4. What is peer review, and why is it important in science?

Peer review is the process by which scientists have their work reviewed by other scientists in their field to ensure accuracy and quality. It is important in science because it helps to ensure that only reliable and accurate information is published.

5. What is the difference between empirical evidence and anecdotal evidence?

Empirical evidence is evidence that has been collected through observation and experimentation, while anecdotal evidence is information that is based on personal experiences or stories.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between a pre-employment psychological assessment and a psychological assessment that is conducted during employment?

2. How might an organization use pre-employment psychological assessments?

3. What are some of the benefits of using pre-employment psychological assessments?

4. What are some of the limitations of using pre-employment psychological assessments?

5. How might an organization use psychological assessments during employment?

6. What are some of the benefits of using psychological assessments during employment?

7. What are some of the limitations of using psychological assessments during employment?

8. What are some of the ethical considerations associated with pre-employment psychological assessments?

9. What are some of the ethical considerations associated with using psychological assessments during employment?

10. How can an organization ensure that pre-employment psychological assessments are used ethically?

11. How can an organization ensure that psychological assessments conducted during employment are used ethically?

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

CRJS 6002 Course DESCRIPTION
This is a 3-credit CRJS 6002 Course required of all students in the Criminal Justice Studies Master’s Degree Program. The CRJS 6002 Course is designed to provide students with an introduction to and overview of the research process as it applies to the field of criminal justice and related areas. The CRJS 6002 Course will familiarize students with the skills necessary to effectively utilize the library and other research resources, understand and apply basic research concepts, and develop research proposals.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. Define social psychology and its major focus.

2. Explain how social psychologists view the self.

3. Discuss how social psychologists study attitudes.

4. Describe how social psychologists examine persuasion and attitude change.

5. Discuss how social psychologists investigate group processes.

6. Explain how social psychologists study aggression and violence.

7. Discuss how social psychologists investigate altruism and helping behavior.

8. Describe how social psychologists investigate prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination.

9. Discuss how social psychologists study intergroup relations and conflict resolution.

10. Explain how social psychologists apply their knowledge to real-world problems.

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. In a structured interview, what are the three types of questions that can be asked?

2. What is an example of a good question to ask in a structured interview?

3. What is an example of a bad question to ask in a structured interview?

4. How can you tell if a question is leading?

5. What are some ways to make sure your questions are not leading?

6. What are some ways to make sure your questions are not biased?

7. What are some ways to make sure your questions are not offensive?

8. What are some ways to make sure your questions are not ambiguous?

9. What are some ways to make sure your questions are not loaded?

10. What are some ways to make sure your questions are not double-barreled?

CRJS 6002 Week 3 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What are some of the benefits that you have experienced from taking an online class?
2. How has taking an online class changed the way you study and prepare for exams?
3. What are some of the challenges that you have experienced while taking an online class?
4. What strategies have you used to overcome any challenges that you have experienced while taking an online class?
5. What are your thoughts on the interaction with your professor and classmates in an online environment?
6. How has the interaction in an online environment changed the way you view and interact with your classmates?
7. Have you found the online learning environment to be more or less challenging than a traditional classroom setting? Why or why not?
8. Have you found the content in an online class to be more or less challenging than a traditional classroom setting? Why or why not?
9. Have you found the workload for an online class to be more or less challenging than a traditional classroom setting? Why or why not?
10. How has taking an online class affected your time management skills?
11. Have you found it more difficult or easier to stay focused while taking an online class? Why or why not?
12. Do you feel that you have had more or less opportunity to ask questions and get help from your professor in an online environment? Why or why not?
13. Do you feel that you have had more or less opportunity to interact with your classmates in an online environment? Why or why not?
14. Have you found that there are more or fewer distractions in an online learning environment than a traditional classroom setting? Why or why not?
15. What strategies do you use to stay motivated while taking an online class?
16. What do you think is the biggest advantage of taking an online class?
17. What do you think is the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class?
18. Overall, would you say that your experience taking an online class has been positive, negative, or neutral? Why do you feel this way?
19. Would you recommend taking an online class to others? Why or why not?
20. What advice would you give other students who are considering taking an online class for the first time?

CRJS 6002 Week 3 Quiz (20 Questions)

Week 3 Quiz (20 Questions) for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) Question 1 5 / 5 pts Which of the following is NOT one of the major areas of focus in a typical Master’s degree program? developing research skills improving writing abilities mastering statistical analysis using advanced analytical methods finding employment at a higher-level institution Correct! A Master’s degree generally focuses on academic skills such as research and writing, rather than on practical skills. Question 2 5 / 5 pts In order to be able to continue your education by earning a doctoral degree, you must: earn a Master’s degree pass an oral examination pass a written examination take additional CRJS 6002 Courses obtain financial assistance Correct! The main prerequisites for entering a doctoral program are the completion of a Master’s degree and the passage of an oral examination. Question 3 0 / 5 pts In order to be accepted into a Master’s degree program, you will need to submit all of the following EXCEPT: references from previous instructors transcripts from previously completed college CRJS 6002 Coursework standardized test scores evidence that you have completed an undergraduate degree in Criminal Justice Correct! While evidence that you have completed an undergraduate degree in Criminal Justice may improve your chances for admission into some programs, it is not required for admission into most programs. Question 4 0 / 5 pts Your “Master’s Thesis” is defined as: The last CRJS 6002 Course you will take in your Master’s degree program An individual research project on which you will work with other students in your cohort An individual research project on which you will work with your faculty advisor An individual research project on which you will work independently A group research project on which you will work with other students in your cohort Correct! Your “Master’s thesis” refers to an individual research project that you complete independently under the direction of your faculty advisor. This project is generally completed near the end of your Master’s program. Question 5 0 / 5 pts One major difference between completing a Bachelor’s degree and completing a Master’s degree is: The time commitment required The amount of CRJS 6002 Coursework involved The depth and breadth of study required All of the above None of the above Correct! A Bachelor’s degree typically takes four years to complete, while most Master’s degrees take two years or less to complete. Bachelor’s degrees typically require between 120 and 130 credits, while most Master’s degrees require between 30 and 40 credits. A Bachelor’s degree focuses primarily on theoretical knowledge, while most Master’s degrees focus primarily on applied knowledge. Question 6 0 / 5 pts One advantage to obtaining a higher-level job title (e.g., “Sergeant,” “Lieutenant,” etc.) is that it: requires more training than lower-level positions offers more opportunity for career advancement leads directly to an increase in pay All of the above None of the above Correct! One advantage to obtaining a higher-level job title is that it usually leads directly to an increase in pay (at least compared with lower-level positions). It can also offer more opportunities for career advancement.Question 7 0 / 5 pts Which one of the following statements about becoming employed as a police officer after completing college is FALSE? After completing college, you can apply for many different kinds of jobs within law enforcement – not just police officer positions. After completing college, it can be difficult to find full-time employment as anything other than a police officer within law enforcement – so if you don’t want to become an officer, consider another career path instead. After completing college, employers may view you as being overqualified or too educated if they try to hire you as something other than a police officer within law enforcement – so if they don’t want to promote or hire you into another position right away, try looking elsewhere instead. After completing college, employers may feel that they owe it to their employees who didn’t go through this extra effort/expense by offering them promotions before hiring new employees from outside their organization – so if they don’t promote or hire you right away after completing college, don’t get discouraged; wait until things change before trying again later. After completing college, employers often feel comfortable hiring individuals who did not attend school specifically for criminal justice or law enforcement studies because these individuals generally don’t have unrealistic expectations about how much they should earn right away – so if they offer you $10/hour less than what someone else would make with similar qualifications but without any sort of postsecondary education behind them (including technical training), try not to get upset; remember that this happens quite frequently when hiring new employees without much experience either way.. Correct! After completing college (or technical training), employers often feel comfortable hiring individuals who did not attend school specifically for criminal justice or law enforcement studies because these individuals generally don’t have unrealistic expectations about how much they should earn right away – so if they offer you $10/hour less than what someone else would make with similar qualifications but without any sort of postsecondary education behind them (including technical training), try not to get upset; remember that this happens quite frequently when hiring new employees without much experience either way.. Question 8 0 / 5 pts If all goes well and everything proceeds according to plan during your time in graduate school: You should expect some challenges along the way You may need help from time-to-time You won’t need help from anyone at all You probably won’t graduate unless someone helps guide/advise/mentor/coach/counsel/advocate/sponsor/support/defend/aid/assist/guide/protect/encourage/motivate/(add your favorite word here) YOU along each step along the way You’ll likely graduate sooner than expected Correct! If all goes well during graduate school and everything proceeds according to plan, then yes – there may be times when someone needs help guiding & coaching & protecting & advising & mentoring & assisting YOU along each step along the way.. Good luck!!! 🙂 Question 9 0 / 5 pts There are three different types within each class designation listed below (“Bachelor,” “Master,” etc.). For example: Bachelor = Bachelor Degrees Bachelor = Bachelor Classes Bachelor = Bachelor Grades What are those three different types? Select ALL correct answers below: Associate = Associate Degrees Associate = Associate Classes Associate = Associate Grades Bachelor = Bachelor Degrees Bachelor = Bachelor Classes Bachelor = Bachelor Grades Doctoral = Doctoral Degrees Doctoral = Doctoral Classes Doctoral = Doctoral Grades Doctoral = Doctoral Programs Graduate Certificate = Graduate Certificates Graduate Certificate = Graduate Classes Graduate Certificate = Graduate Grades High School Diploma = High School Diplomas High School Diploma = High School Classes High School Diploma = High School Grades GED Certificate= GED Certificates GED Certificate= GED Classes GED Certificate= GED Grades Master’s Degree= Masters Degrees Master’s Degree= Masters Classes Master’s Degree= Masters Grades MBA Degree= MBA Degrees MBA Degree= MBA Classes MBA Degree= MBA Grades PhD Degree= PhD Degrees PhD Degree= PhD Classes PhD Degree= PhD Grades Undergraduate Degree Undergraduate CRJS 6002 Courses Undergraduate Grades All answers are correct None are correct Some answers are correct There are three different types below (“Bachelor,” “Master,” etc.). For example:

Bachelor

Associate

Doctoral

Graduate Certificate

High School Diploma

GED Certificate

Master’s Degree

MBA Degree

PhD Degree

CRJS 6002 Week 3 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1) An example of _____ could be an officer’s failure to properly read an arrest warrant. a) Disregard for the law b) Use of excessive force c) Failure to uphold police duties d) Negligence 2) When evaluating an act in which an officer did not exercise reasonable care, a court would examine whether the officer: a) Did or should have known that his or her actions might cause harm b) Was careless or reckless in performing his or her duties c) Used excessive force in carrying out a routine procedure d) All of the above 3) Which of the following is true about negligence? a) It is never intentional b) The offender must have acted with intent to cause harm c) The victim must suffer actual harm as a result of the offender’s actions d) A and B only 4) The amount of damages awarded by a jury to an injured plaintiff is determined by: a) How much physical pain and suffering was caused by the defendant’s negligence b) Whether or not there was gross negligence on the part of the defendant c) How much financial loss was suffered by the plaintiff as a result of the defendant’s negligence d) All of the above 5

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Description

Week 4: Scholarship and Research Part 1: Building a Foundation

This week we will build on what we learned in Week 3 about the process of conducting scholarly research. We will begin by discussing how to develop a research question and review the different types of research designs. We will also cover the process of literature reviews, including how to find and evaluate sources. Finally, we will discuss how to develop a research proposal.

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Outline

CRJS 6002 Course is an overview of the field of criminology and criminal justice, as well as an introduction to research methods in the social sciences. Students will be expected to read and discuss a variety of readings on criminological theory and research methods. In addition, students will be expected to complete a research paper on a topic of their choice.

Week 1: Introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice

• What is criminology?
• What is criminal justice?
• The history of criminology and criminal justice
• Theoretical perspectives in criminology
• Research methods in criminology and criminal justice

Week 2: Crime and Deviance

• Types of crime
• Theories of crime and deviance
• Crime statistics
• Crime prevention and control

Week 3: Victims, Offenders, and the Criminal Justice System

• Who are victims of crime?
• Who are offenders?
• The criminal justice process
• The role of police, courts, and corrections in the criminal justice system

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Objectives

CRJS 6002 Course focuses on developing the skills necessary to succeed in a master’s degree program, including writing research proposals and papers, giving presentations, and working effectively in teams. Students will also develop an understanding of the ethical considerations involved in conducting research.

By the end of CRJS 6002 Course, students should be able to:

1. Understand the expectations for success in a graduate degree program.

2. Develop the skills necessary to write a research proposal and paper.

3. Give an effective presentation.

4. Work effectively in teams.

5. Understand the ethical considerations involved in conducting research.

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Pre-requisites

None

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Duration

(CRJS 6002)

Week 4 is a review week.

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Learning Outcomes

Week 4 Learning Outcomes for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits)

By the end of this week, you should be able to:

1. Understand how to search for scholarly articles using library databases.

2. Understand how to evaluate scholarly articles for relevance and quality.

3. Understand the basics of writing a literature review.

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Assessment & Grading

Students will complete a written paper (10 pages) on an area of interest related to criminology and criminal justice. The paper should integrate concepts and ideas from the CRJS 6002 Course readings. A minimum of ten scholarly sources should be utilized in the development of the paper. This assessment is worth 100 points and will be graded using the following criteria:

1. Paper Topic – The topic of the paper should be aligned with one or more of the CRJS 6002 Course objectives. In addition, students should discuss how the topic relates to their professional interests. The topic must be approved by the instructor prior to beginning work on the paper. (10 points)
2. Literature Review – The literature review should provide an overview of the scholarly work that has been completed on the chosen topic. Students should use a minimum of ten scholarly sources in the development of the literature review. (30 points)
3. Analysis – The analysis section of the paper should provide a critical evaluation of the chosen topic. Students should integrate concepts and ideas from the CRJS 6002 Course readings in this section of the paper. (30 points)
4. Conclusion – The conclusion should summarize the findings of the literature review and analysis sections of the paper. In addition, students should discuss how their understanding of the chosen topic has changed as a result of completing the paper. (10 points)
5. Writing Quality – The paper must be well-written and free of grammatical errors. All sources must be properly cited using APA format. (20 points)

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Suggested Resources/Books

Foundations of Graduate Study

Required Textbook:

• Kochel, T. R., & Wiedenbeck, S. (2015). Criminal justice research methods: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Assignment (20 Questions)

Quiz 4: Week 4 Assignment (20 Questions) for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) This quiz is a take-home assignment and must be completed by the due date. It will not count toward your grade if you do not submit it on time. This assignment covers the material in Unit 4, including the required readings and multimedia content. It is due at 11:59 pm on Sunday of this unit. Please review the syllabus for specific late penalties. 1) How does role theory explain why some defendants are more likely to be convicted than others? 2) How might changes in sentencing structures, such as truth-in-sentencing laws, impact incarceration rates? 3) What is meant by “prisonization”? 4) What factors have contributed to the dramatic increase in the U.S. prison population over the past several decades? 5) Which state has the highest incarceration rate? 6) How do we know that our prisons are overcrowded? 7) How does overcrowding impact prisoners? 8) Why is it difficult to reform prisons? 9) What factors make it difficult to reduce recidivism rates? 10) What are some of the collateral consequences of a felony conviction? 11) What are some of the problems with our juvenile justice system? 12) Why is it important to understand race and ethnicity when discussing our criminal justice system? 13) How does socioeconomic status impact defendants’ chances of being convicted? 14) What is meant by “legal cynicism”? 15) How does community context impact crime rates? 16) How does social disorganization theory explain crime rates in urban areas? 17) What are some of the problems with using fear of crime as a measure of crime rates? 18) What are some of the problems with using victimization surveys as a measure of crime rates? 19) How do we know that our criminal justice system is biased against minorities? 20) How might we reduce bias in our criminal justice system?

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. How do the two models of probation (supervision and treatment) differ?

2. What are some of the benefits of probation?

3. What are some of the challenges associated with probation?

4. How does the concept of risk management apply to probation?

5. What is risk assessment and why is it important in probation?

6. What are some of the factors that contribute to successful probation?

7. What are some of the challenges associated with implementing risk management in probation?

8. What are some of the benefits of using technology in probation?

9. What are some of the challenges associated with using technology in probation?

10. How can community supervision be used effectively in probation?

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. What is the significance of research to the field of criminal justice?
2. What are the goals of scientific research?
3. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
4. What is the scientific method, and what are its steps?
5. How do researchers go about designing a study?
6. How does ethical considerations play a role in research?
7. What are some of the issues that can threaten the validity of research results?
8. How do researchers ensure that their data are reliable and valid?
9. What is statistical analysis, and what are its goals?
10. What are some of the most common statistical techniques used in criminal justice research?

CRJS 6002 Week 4 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

What is the difference between a police officer and a sheriff’s deputy?

How are police officers and sheriff’s deputies different in terms of their duties and responsibilities?

What are the differences between a police officer and a detective?

What are the similarities between a police officer and a detective?

What is the difference between a police officer and a state trooper?

How are police officers and state troopers different in terms of their duties and responsibilities?

What is the difference between a federal law enforcement officer and a local law enforcement officer?

How are federal law enforcement officers and local law enforcement officers different in terms of their duties and responsibilities?

What is the difference between a correctional officer and a probation officer?

How are correctional officers and probation officers different in terms of their duties and responsibilities?

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

What are the three phases of investigation? Describe each phase.

The three phases of investigation are the pre-investigative phase, the investigative phase, and the post-investigative phase. The pre-investigative phase is when the police receive a report of a crime and begin to gather information about the incident. The investigative phase is when the police gather evidence and try to identify suspects. The post-investigative phase is when the police present their findings to prosecutors and the courts.

CRJS 6002 Week 4 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is the definition of a felony?
2. How are felonies classified?
3. What are the consequences of a felony conviction?
4. What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?
5. What is the difference between a first degree felony and a second degree felony?
6. What are the most serious types of felonies?
7. What are some examples of felonies?
8. What is the difference between a capital offense and a non-capital offense?
9. What are the consequences of a capital offense conviction?
10. Are there any defenses to a capital offense charge?
11. What is the difference between an aggravated offense and a simple offense?
12. What are some examples of aggravated offenses?
13. What are the consequences of an aggravated offense conviction?
14. Is there any way to avoid an aggravated sentence for an aggravated offense?
15. What is the difference between a violent offense and a nonviolent offense?
16. What are some examples of violent offenses?
17. What are the consequences of a violent offense conviction?
18. Is there any way to avoid a prison sentence for a violent offense?
19. What is the difference between an inchoate offense and a completed offense?
20. What are some examples of inchoate offenses?

CRJS 6002 Week 4 Quiz (20 Questions)

1. In order to gain an understanding of the foundations of graduate study, you should review all of the following resources EXCEPT:

a. The syllabus for your class

b. Your textbook

c. The APA Manual

d. The class discussion board

2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful graduate students?

a. Self-discipline

b. Independency

c. Willingness to ask for help when needed

d. Perfectionism

3. All of the following are guidelines for writing a successful research paper EXCEPT:

a. Make sure your paper flows logically from one point to the next.

b. Use simple, direct language whenever possible.

c. Support your claims with evidence from scholarly sources.

d. Use big words to impress your professor and classmates.

CRJS 6002 Week 4 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. What is the purpose of research?

A. To provide evidence-based practiceB. To explore and describe phenomenaC. To test hypothesesD. All of the above

2. In scientific research, a(n) _______ is defined as a statement or hypothesis that is to be tested.

A. TheoryB. Independent variableC. Dependent variableD. Research question

3. In scientific research, the _______ is defined as the variable that is manipulated by the researcher in order to observe its effect on the _______ .

A. Theory; dependent variableB. Independent variable; dependent variableC. Dependent variable; independent variableD. Research question; theory

4. A _______ design is one in which the researcher manipulates an independent variable and observes its effect on a dependent variable while holding all other variables constant.

A. ExperimentalB. CorrelationalC. DescriptiveD. Case study

5. A _______ design is one in which the researcher does not manipulate any variables but instead simply observes and records data about naturally occurring phenomena without interfering in any way with those phenomena .

A. ExperimentalB. CorrelationalC. DescriptiveD. Case study
6. A _______ design is one in which the researcher investigates a phenomenon within its natural context .

A. ExperimentalB. CorrelationalC. DescriptiveD. Case study
7 Which of the following is an advantage of experimental designs?
I. They allow for cause-and-effect relationships to be establishedII. They are well suited for investigating complex phenomenaIII. They are less expensive and time consuming than other designsIV .They allow for the use of random assignment

A . I, II, and III onlyB . I, II, III, and IVC . I and II onlyD . II and III only

8 Which of the following is an advantage of correlational designs?
I . They allow for cause-and-effect relationships to be establishedII . They are well suited for investigating complex phenomenaIII . They are less expensive and time consuming than other designsIV .They allow for the use of random assignment

A I, II, and III onlyB I, II, III, and IVC I and II onlyD II and III only

9 Which of the following statements about descriptive designs is true?

A They are well suited for investigating complex phenomena .B They are less expensive and time consuming than other designs .C They do not allow for cause-and-effect relationships to be established .D All of the above are true about descriptive designs .

10 Which of the following statements about case study designs is true?

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Description

In CRJS 6002 Course, students will explore various topics related to the foundations of graduate study. Students will be expected to critically evaluate research in the field of criminal justice, as well as develop and communicate their own research proposals. In addition, students will learn about various ethical considerations related to conducting research with human subjects.

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Outline

CRJS 6002 Course builds on the work of CRJS 6002 Course 4 and provides a more detailed exploration of research methods in criminal justice. CRJS 6002 Course also emphasizes writing and communication skills necessary for success in graduate school and in the field of criminal justice.

Week 5 Outline:

• Writing a Research Proposal: Introduction

o The importance of a research proposal

o Elements of a research proposal

 Title

 Abstract/summary

 Introduction

 Literature review

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Objectives

CRJS 6002 Course OBJECTIVES: The objectives of CRJS 6002 Course are to provide an introduction to the study of criminology and criminal justice at the graduate level; to develop an understanding of the research process in criminology and criminal justice; to enhance students’ skills in writing, oral presentation, and computer literacy; and to increase students’ knowledge of statistical methods.

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Pre-requisites

– Writing intensive
– CRJS 6002 Course culminates in a research paper

Learning Outcomes for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

– Students will be able to use proper citation and writing style for academic papers.
– Students will be able to properly format an academic paper.
– Students will be able to construct an argument based on academic research.

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Duration

The duration for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study is three weeks.

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Learning Outcomes

• Understand the scientific method and its application to criminal justice research.

• Be able to evaluate research designs, methods, and results.

• Understand ethical issues related to criminal justice research.

• Understand how theory influences research in criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Assessment & Grading

1. Write a brief description of how you would assess student learning in your classroom.

In my classroom, I would assess student learning through a variety of methods including examinations, quizzes, papers, and presentations. I would also encourage students to engage in discussions and debates in order to gauge their understanding of the material.

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Suggested Resources/Books

CRJS 6002 Course Textbook:

Cicero, Marcus Tullius. The Republic and The Laws. Translated by C. D. Yonge. New York: Henry G. Bohn, 1853. https://archive.org/details/republiclaws00ciceuoft/page/n5

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Assignment (20 Questions)

Assignment 1: Part One – Answer the following questions below. Each question must be answered in essay format, and each answer must be at least 300 words in length. Please provide citations for all sources used, and format your paper according to APA guidelines.

1) Based on the articles you reviewed for this week’s assignment (located in the Learning Resources), how do you think jail overcrowding affects recidivism? What solutions can you recommend to address this problem?

2) According to the Learning Resources, there are a variety of contributing factors to crime. For this question, select one of these factors and discuss how it contributes to crime. Then, suggest one or more solutions that might be effective in reducing or eliminating this factor’s impact on crime.

3) According to the Learning Resources, juveniles are often involved in crime. For this question, select one theory from the Learning Resources that explains why juveniles commit crimes. Then, discuss how this theory might be used to develop solutions to reduce juvenile crime.

4) Based on the Learning Resources, how do you think race/ethnicity affects crime? What solutions can you recommend to address this problem?

5) Based on the Learning Resources, how do you think poverty affects crime? What solutions can you recommend to address this problem?

6) Based on the articles you reviewed for this week’s assignment (located in the Learning Resources), how do you think mental illness affects crime? What solutions can you recommend to address this problem?

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. Identify and explain the major theoretical schools of thought in criminology.

2. Discuss the relationship between crime and deviance.

3. What is meant by the term ‘social construction’? How does this concept apply to our understanding of crime and deviance?

4. How do biological, psychological and sociological theories explain criminal behaviour?

5. What are the key features of rational choice theory? How does this theory help us to understand criminal behaviour?

6. What is meant by the term ‘social control’? How do different types of social control influence our behaviour?

7. What are the main goals of the criminal justice system? Do you think that it is effective in achieving these goals? Why or why not?

8. What is meant by due process? How does this concept impact upon our understanding of the criminal justice system?

9. What is meant by crime prevention? What are the main strategies used to prevent crime? Do you think that they are effective? Why or why not?

10. Discuss the various responses to crime that are available within the criminal justice system. Which do you think is most effective in dealing with crime? Why?

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

The ____ is a period of less than an hour in which a person is trying to cope with an emotionally upsetting situation by drinking alcohol, using drugs, or overeating.
A. Reaction formation
B. Escape reaction
C. Flight or fight response
D. Relapse

CRJS 6002 Week 5 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What factors do you think may contribute to the under-representation of women in senior management positions in criminal justice agencies?
2. How might the current #MeToo movement impact the number of women in senior management positions in criminal justice agencies?
3. Do you think that the current #MeToo movement will have a lasting impact on how sexual harassment is addressed in the workplace? Why or why not?
4. What do you think are some of the unique challenges that women face when working in law enforcement?
5. Do you think that women and men are treated equally in the criminal justice field? Why or why not?
6. What do you think are some of the unique challenges that women face when working in corrections?
7. What do you think are some of the unique challenges that women face when working in the court system?
8. What do you think are some of the unique challenges that women face when working in probation and parole?
9. What do you think is the biggest challenge facing women who work in the criminal justice field today?
10. What do you think can be done to encourage more women to pursue careers in criminal justice?

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

(U01A)

In CRJS 6002 Course, students will build upon the knowledge and skills acquired in CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits). The focus of CRJS 6002 Course is to develop students’ research and writing skills by applying APA standards to the preparation of research proposals and papers. Students will identify a topic for research, review literature related to the topic, and prepare a research proposal. Students will also prepare a research paper based on their proposal.

CRJS 6002 Week 5 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What are the five “key functions” of police?

2. How did Sir Robert Peel’s philosophy of policing influence modern police agencies?

3. What is the difference between a constable and a police officer in the United States?

4. What is community policing, and how does it differ from traditional policing?

5. What are the three components of crime control?

6. What is due process, and what rights does it afford criminal suspects?

7. What is probable cause, and how does it relate to searches and seizures?

8. What are Miranda rights, and when do police have to read them to criminal suspects?

9. What is entrapment, and how can defendants use it as a defense to criminal charges?

10. What are the two types of crimes?

11. What are the elements of a crime?

12. How does causation play into the commission of a crime?

13. How can mens rea be used as a defense to criminal charges?

CRJS 6002 Week 5 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1 1 / 1 pts Which of the following is an example of a formal structure that helps ensure a fair trial? Jury system Plea bargaining Voir dire Indictment Question 2 1 / 1 pts A major problem that has emerged in large-scale police agencies during the past few decades is the: Police misconduct Police corruption Police violence Police performance Question 3 1 / 1 pts The act of taking what one wants by force, or the threat of force, without regard to personal consequences, is known as: Organized crime Terrorism Racketeering Assault Question 4 0 / 1 pts In the federal court system, criminal cases are heard by: State courts Appellate courts Trial courts Probate courts Question 5 1 / 1 pts For a successful conviction in a criminal case, guilt must be proven: To a “reasonable doubt” Beyond a “reasonable doubt” By witness testimony Only by confession Question 6 1 / 1 pts A biased jury may result from which of the following? Exclusionary rule Probable cause Searches and seizures Stare decisis Question 7 0 / 1 pts Most cases handled by criminal justice systems are classified as misdemeanors. True False Question 8 0 / 1 pts A search warrant is not required if there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed. True False Question 9 0 / 1 pts There are three types of criminal homicide in American law. True False Question 10 0 / 1 pts Although he was found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in court, OJ Simpson was later acquitted in civil court. True False Question 11 0 / 1 pts The exclusionary rule prohibits evidence gained through illegal searches and seizures to be used against defendants in criminal proceedings. True False Question 12 0 / 1 pts Courts use precedent to make decisions about new cases. True False Question 13 0 / 1 pts Plea bargaining is based on the concept that defendants can trade their constitutional rights for reduced charges and sentences. True False Question 14 0 / 1 pts Because there are many more serious crimes than minor ones, only felonies are prosecuted in American criminal justice systems. True False Question 15 0 / 1 pts The key purpose of plea bargaining is efficiency. True False

Question 16

0 / 5pts

In accordance with the Constitution’s mandate that all persons accused of crimes be given full due process protections under the law, which of the following rights should suspects have before they can be convicted?

A) Right to speedy trial B) Right to counsel C) Right to remain silent D) All of these E) None of these

Question 17

0/ 5pts

To satisfy the “reasonable doubt” burden for conviction, which two factors must prosecutors consider? (Check all that apply.) A) Suspects should never be assumed guilty until proven innocent B) Evidence should be clear enough so that any lingering doubts about innocence are removed C) Prosecutors should prove guilt beyond any possible doubt D) jurors should find guilt only when there is no other alternative conclusion E) Suspects can be assumed guilty if there is enough evidence F) Prosecution does not need proof beyond a reasonable doubt when it comes to serious felonies G) Suspects should never confess unless they want to risk going to jail H) Prosecutors do not need to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt when they have witnesses or confessions I) Prosecutors do not need proof beyond a reasonable doubt when they have video evidence J) Prosecutors do not need proof beyond a reasonable doubt when they have physical evidence K) jurors should find guilt if there are no other alternative conclusion(s), even if it means less evidence than required for conviction L) prosecutors only need proof beyond a reasonable doubt when they have DNA evidence M) prosecution only needs proof beyond a reasonable doubt when they have circumstantial evidence N) prosecutors can use any and all means necessary at their disposal to gain convictions O) prosecutors cannot put on additional or mitigating evidence once they put on their initial case P), suspects always have Miranda rights Q), Miranda warnings also apply after arrest R), criminals always have Miranda rights S), judges always grant motions for continuance T), judges always grant motions for recess U), judges always grant motions for mistrial V), judges always grant motions for directed verdict W), defendants must take stand in order to avoid self-incrimination X), defendant does not have Fifth Amendment right Y), defendant does not automatically waive Fifth Amendment right Z), defendant does not automatically waive Fifth Amendment right when taking stand AA), defendant does not automatically waive Fifth Amendment right when pleading guilty AB), defendant does not automatically waive Fifth Amendment right when testifying AC). defendant waives Fifth Amendment right if he refuses to testify AD). defendant waives Fifth Amendment right if she refuses o answer questions AE). defendant waives Fifth Amendment right if he refuses o give his name AF). defendant waives Fifth Amendment right if she refuses o take breathalyzer test AG). defendant waives Fifth Amendment right if he agrees o take polygraph test AH). witnesses cannot refuse answering questions based on Fifth Amendment protection AI). witnesses cannot refuse testifying based on Fifth Amendment protection AJ). witnesses cannot refuse giving name based on Fifth Amendment protection AK). witnesses cannot refuse giving information based on Fifth Amendment protection AL). witnesses can refuse giving opinion based on First Amendement AM). witnesses can refuse giving information based on Fourth Amendement AN). judge can dismiss case based on jury’s indecision AO). judge can dismiss case based on lack of sufficient evidence AP). jury can reach hung verdict AQ). jury must reach unanimous decision AR). prosecutor can dismiss case AS). prosecutor cannot dismiss case AT). defense attorney can dismiss case AU). defense attorney cannot dismiss case AV)…

CRJS 6002 Week 5 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

Question 1
In the context of police discretion, which of the following refers to a situation where an officer is unsure about whether to exercise discretion or not?

A) Moral ambiguity
B) Organizational conflict
C) Procedural conflict
D) Situational conflict

A) Moral ambiguity

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Description

CRJS 6002 Course will help you transition to the rigors of graduate-level work. Through readings, discussions, and writing assignments, you will explore the expectations and skills necessary for success in a master’s program. You will also have the opportunity to begin developing your research interests and expertise.

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Outline

Week 6: Data Collection and Analysis I (Quantitative)

This week, you will begin your journey to becoming a data analyst by examining the first step of quantitative analysis: collecting data. You will learn about the different types of data that can be collected for quantitative analysis, as well as about some of the issues that can arise when collecting data. Additionally, you will learn about the different ways in which data can be collected, including surveys, experiments, and observation. Finally, you will have the opportunity to practice your data collection skills by conducting a survey of your own.

By the end of this week, you should be able to:

– Understand the different types of data that can be collected for quantitative analysis.
– Understand some of the issues that can arise when collecting data.
– Understand the different ways in which data can be collected.
– Conduct a survey.

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Objectives

In week 6, we will cover the following objectives:

• Understand how to use evidence-based policing and problem-oriented policing in your community policing efforts.

• Understand how to create and maintain effective partnerships with other agencies and community groups.

• Understand how to develop and implement crime prevention programs in your community.

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Pre-requisites

Prerequisites for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) are: CRJS 5001 – Theory and Methodology of Criminal Justice Research (3 credits); CRJS 5002 – Theory and Methodology of Criminal Justice Administration (3 credits); CRJS 5003 – Theory and Methodology of Criminology (3 credits).

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Duration

Week 6 is a continuation of Week 5 and includes a review of the literature on gangs and organized crime. The focus will be on the relationship between gangs and organized crime, and how they operate within the criminal justice system.

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Learning Outcomes

• Explain how research is used in the field of criminology.

• Evaluate different research methodologies used in criminology.

• Analyze the ethical implications of conducting research in criminology.

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Assessment & Grading

1. How will you be assessed in CRJS 6002 Course?

In CRJS 6002 Course, you will be assessed through exams, quizzes, papers, and presentations.

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Suggested Resources/Books

Week 6 Suggested Resources/Books:

1. “The Oxford Handbook of Criminological Theory” by Francis T. Cullen and Pamela Wilcox (Editors)

2. “Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences” by J. Mitchell Miller

3. “Theories of Punishment” by Andrew Von Hirsch

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

2. What is a limitation of quantitative research?

3. What is a benefit of qualitative research?

4. What is an example of a qualitative research method?

5. What is an example of a quantitative research method?

6. How might bias affect the results of research?

7. What are some ways to reduce bias in research?

8. How do researchers ensure that their study is ethical?

9. What are the three main types of ethical principles?

10. What are some potential consequences of violating ethical principles in research?

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between a robbery and a burglary?

2. What are the four elements of a robbery?

3. What is the difference between first-degree and second-degree burglary?

4. What are the five elements of first-degree burglary?

5. What are the four elements of second-degree burglary?

6. What is the difference between criminal trespass and burglary?

7. What are the three elements of criminal trespass?

8. What is the difference between larceny and theft?

9. What are the three elements of larceny?

10. What are the three elements of theft?

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are the three major types of research methods used to collect criminal justice data?

2. Why is it important to understand research methods when studying criminal justice?

3. How do research methods help us to understand criminal justice data?

4. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using each type of research method?

5. How do different research methods allow us to examine different aspects of the criminal justice system?

6. What are some of the ethical considerations that must be taken into account when conducting criminal justice research?

7. How do researchers ensure that their data is accurate and reliable?

8. How do researchers ensure that their data is valid?

9. What are some of the challenges associated with conducting criminal justice research?

10. How can we overcome these challenges and improve the quality of criminal justice research?

CRJS 6002 Week 6 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. How do theories and research in criminology help explain or predict crime?

2. What are the different types of crime?

3. How do criminals commit crimes?

4. What motivates criminals to commit crimes?

5. How do victims of crime respond to victimization?

6. How does the criminal justice system respond to crime?

7. What are the consequences of crime?

8. How can we prevent crime?

9. What are the causes of crime?

10. Is there a relationship between crime and mental illness?

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

– Liberty University

Week 6 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) – Liberty University Please download and complete the study guide before starting this discussion. Remember, if you have questions about the assignment, please post in the weekly Q&A Forum. If you experience any technical difficulties with the forum, please contact the Online Campus Technical Support Team at [email protected] or call 1-800-424-9596 ext. 5500. Read and respond to two classmates on their responses to the following questions below. Make sure to ask questions regarding any area that you do not fully understand or would like further clarification on. You are required to do a total of three posts including your initial response, so be sure to check back often during the week to see if your classmates have posted comments and respond accordingly. GRADING RUBRIC Initial Post is clear, concise, complete and meets requirements 40 points Follow-up Posts are clear, concise, complete and meet requirements 20 points Total 60 points DISCUSSION 1A First question: There are many types of families that live in our country today. Some of them have been established through adoption or new relationships with stepfamilies and half siblings from prior marriages. What impact does divorce have on family structure? Does it weaken it? Is it a good thing for some families? Why? Second question: We know that divorce can be difficult for all members of a family, but what impact does divorce have on children? What do they need from their parents during this time to make things easier for them? How can we help them deal with these issues? DISCUSSION 1B First question: When it comes to divorce there are many cases where the man is not getting custody of his children. In these cases he is required to pay child support payments even though he cannot see his children except on weekends or holidays. Should child support be paid if he has no custody rights? What is fair in these situations when both parents want custody but only one gets it? Second question: In some divorces one parent tries to take advantage of the other by using their kids against them. They will keep them from their own father just because they can’t stand him anymore and they want him out of their lives forever even if it’s not in the best interest of their child/children’s life. They do this by saying that he’s abusive or has done something else wrong without any proof at all just because they want revenge against him for something he did in the past to them or someone else close to them that was completely unrelated towards his relationship with his kids as well as having no relation towards anything at all concerning his character now as an adult man who has learned from his mistakes in life after years of growing up into a responsible adult father that loves his children very much so if anyone has some insight about this problem let me know your thoughts about this matter thanks!

CRJS 6002 Week 6 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? Give an example of each.

2. What are the three steps in the scientific method? Describe each step in detail.

3. What is the difference between a theory and a law? Give an example of each.

4. What is the difference between empirical evidence and anecdotal evidence? Give an example of each.

5. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a prediction? Give an example of each.

6. What is the difference between basic research and applied research? Give an example of each.

7. What are the four steps in the scientific method? Describe each step in detail.

8. What is a control group? Why is it important in scientific research?

9. What is a variable? How can variables be controlled in scientific research?

10. What are the five steps in the scientific method? Describe each step in detail.

CRJS 6002 Week 6 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1.1. In an experiment, if the independent variable is manipulated, then the _____ is controlled. (Points : 2)

dependent variable

control group

experimental group

Question 2.2. If three men are tried for robbery in the first degree and one man is acquitted, which of the following best describes what has happened? (Points : 2)

The defendant was innocent. The prosecution failed to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. The jury was not properly instructed by the court.

Question 3.3. According to social learning theory, even if individuals do not experience reinforcement for a certain behavior, they may still learn that behavior through observing others being reinforced for it. (Points : 2)

True

False

Question 4.4. Stereotypes can be negative or positive. Which of the following describes how stereotypes lead to discrimination? (Points : 2)

Stereotypes are mental shortcuts that we use in order to ease our cognitive load when processing information about members of a group to which we do not belong, thereby resulting in discrimination because of out-group homogeneity and self-fulfilling prophecies based on stereotype threat and priming effects that lead us to think about negative traits rather than positive ones when thinking about members of groups that are stereotyped as being bad at something or belonging to an inferior race or class within society. [THIS IS TOO LONG OF AN ANSWER.] Stereotypes based on race result in discrimination because people who subscribe to them tend to see the world through “racial lenses,” where they perceive all events and interactions with others as being racially significant and relevant even when they are not, thereby causing them to act differently toward members of different races than they would if they did not subscribe to these stereotypes about racial groups within society. [THIS IS CORRECT] Stereotypes based on race result in discrimination because people who subscribe to them tend to see people of other races as being more similar to each other than people of their own race, thereby resulting in discrimination because of out-group homogeneity and self-fulfilling prophecies based on stereotype threat and priming effects that lead us to think about negative traits rather than positive ones when thinking about members of groups that are stereotyped as being bad at something or belonging to an inferior race or class within society. [THIS IS INCORRECT.] Stereotypes based on race result in discrimination because people who subscribe to them tend to see people of other races as being more different from each other than people of their own race, thereby resulting in discrimination because of out-group heterogeneity and self-fulfilling prophecies based on stereotype threat and priming effects that lead us to think about negative traits rather than positive ones when thinking about members of groups that are stereotyped as being bad at something or belonging to an inferior race or class within society. [THIS IS INCORRECT.]

CRJS 6002 Week 6 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. How many states require that the death penalty be imposed for capital murder?

A. All of them
B. None of them
C. About half of them
D. More than half of them

C. About half of them

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Description

Week 7 Description for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits)

This week we will continue our discussion on research methods. We will focus on the different ways to collect data, including surveys, interviews, and observations. We will also discuss how to analyze and interpret data. Finally, we will talk about how to write a research paper.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Outline

Week Seven:

In this week’s readings, you will be introduced to a variety of research designs. You will learn about the different purposes for which research is conducted, as well as how to select an appropriate design for a study. The readings this week will also provide an overview of data collection methods and analysis techniques. Finally, you will learn about ethical considerations in research and writing.

Learning Objectives:

By the end of this week, students should be able to:

• Understand the different purposes for which research is conducted.

• Select an appropriate research design for a study.

• Understand data collection methods and analysis techniques.

• Understand ethical considerations in research and writing.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Objectives

CRJS 6002 Course focuses on the foundations of graduate study. Students will be expected to develop and demonstrate their ability to read and analyze research in the field of criminology and criminal justice. The CRJS 6002 Course will also focus on developing writing skills for graduate-level research papers. Finally, students will be expected to develop an understanding of the process of conducting research in criminology and criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Pre-requisites

CRJS 6001 – Advanced Statistics for Criminal Justice (3 credits) (CRJS 6001) OR Equivalent

CRJS 6002 Course Description CRJS 6002 Course is designed to introduce students to research in the field of criminology and criminal justice. Students will learn about the scientific process, research methods, and study design. They will become familiar with research skills and writing techniques. The purpose of CRJS 6002 Course is to provide students with an understanding of research as an integral part of the field of criminology and criminal justice. Students will be able to identify different types of research questions, understand how to select appropriate research methods, develop testable hypotheses, and analyze data using statistical techniques. Students will also learn how to communicate their findings in a clear and concise manner.

Learning Outcomes Upon completion of CRJS 6002 Course, students will be able to: Understand the scientific process and apply it to research in criminology and criminal justice Understand different types of research questions and hypotheses Select appropriate research methods based on the type of question being asked Develop testable hypotheses Analyze data using statistical techniques Write a research paper in APA format

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Duration

is 09/14/2015 – 10/11/2015.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Study Materials for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) can be found in the CRJS 6002 Course Content section for Week 7.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Learning Outcomes

1. Apply research methods and techniques to analyze criminal justice issues.

2. Develop a research proposal to address a specific problem in the field of criminal justice.

3. Critically evaluate research findings in the field of criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Assessment & Grading

Students will be expected to complete a written assignment and pass a quiz over CRJS 6002 Course content.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Suggested Resources/Books

Recommended Textbook(s):

• None required.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. How did the police know that a crime had been committed?

2. How did the police find out who committed the crime?

3. How did the police determine where the crime took place?

4. What evidence was used to convict the defendant?

5. How could the police have prevented the crime?

6. What could the victim have done to prevent the crime?

7. Was the sentence imposed on the defendant fair?

8. Could the defendant have been prosecuted in a different manner?

9. What other crimes could the defendant have been charged with?

10. How would the case have been different if the victim had not cooperated with the police?

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. In what ways is criminal law unique?

Criminal law is unique in that it is the only area of law that deals with the punishment of individuals who have committed a crime. Criminal law also has its own set of rules and procedures that are different from those in other areas of law.

2. What are the two main types of crimes?

The two main types of crimes are felonies and misdemeanors. Felonies are more serious crimes that carry a sentence of more than one year in prison, while misdemeanors are less serious crimes that carry a sentence of less than one year in jail.

3. What is the difference between a crime and a tort?

A crime is an act that is prohibited by law and punishable by fines or imprisonment, while a tort is a civil wrong that results in damages to the victim.

4. What are the three elements of a crime?

The three elements of a crime are actus reus, mens rea, and causation. Actus reus is the physical element of a crime, which includes the act itself and any resulting harm. Mens rea is the mental element of a crime, which includes the intent to commit the actus reus. Causation is the link between the actus reus and the mens rea, which must be present for a crime to occur.

5. What is strict liability?

Strict liability is a legal doctrine that holds individuals liable for their actions regardless of whether they knew or should have known that their actions were illegal. This doctrine is often used in cases involving public health and safety.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Question 1: What is a forensic psychological examination? How might this type of examination be used in a criminal case?

A forensic psychological examination is an evaluation of an individual’s mental state and psychological functioning. This type of examination may be used in a criminal case to assess the defendant’s mental state at the time of the offense, to determine whether the defendant is competent to stand trial, or to assist in sentencing.

Question 2: What are some of the ethical issues that psychologists need to consider when conducting forensic psychological examinations?

Psychologists need to consider a number of ethical issues when conducting forensic psychological examinations. These issues include maintaining confidentiality, avoiding potential conflicts of interest, and ensuring that the examination is conducted in a fair and unbiased manner.

Question 3: What are some of the challenges that psychologists face when conducting forensic psychological examinations?

Psychologists face a number of challenges when conducting forensic psychological examinations. These challenges include obtaining accurate and complete information, dealing with uncooperative or hostile individuals, and managing their own biases.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

Please post 20 questions that you would like to ask the class about this week’s material. You can ask about anything related to this week’s material, including the required readings, videos, or discussions. Please post your questions by Wednesday of this week, and be sure to respond to at least 2 other students’ questions by Sunday.

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. How is the death penalty currently being used in the United States?

2. How do you feel about the death penalty?

3. How do you think the death penalty should be used in the United States?

4. What are some of the pros and cons of the death penalty?

5. Is the death penalty an effective deterrent to crime? Why or why not?

6. Do you think that the death penalty is applied fairly in the United States? Why or why not?

7. Do you think that race plays a role in who is sentenced to death in the United States? Why or why not?

8. Do you think that socio-economic status plays a role in who is sentenced to death in the United States? Why or why not?

9. What do you think are some of the reasons that people support the death penalty?

10. What do you think are some of the reasons that people oppose the death penalty?

CRJS 6002 Week 7 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

In this discussion, you will explore how your chosen research topic relates to the field of criminal justice. You will examine the topic’s usefulness and usefulness in the field of criminal justice. Finally, you will develop a research question for your study.

1. How does your research topic relate to the field of criminal justice?

2. What is the usefulness of your research topic in the field of criminal justice?

3. What are the benefits of researching your chosen topic?

4. What are the limitations of your research topic?

5. How does your research topic contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of criminal justice?

6. What are the implications of your research findings for policy and practice in the field of criminal justice?

7. What are the ethical considerations associated with your research topic?

8. What are the potential risks and benefits of conducting research on your chosen topic?

9. How will you ensure that your research is conducted ethically and responsibly?

10. What are the methodological challenges associated with researching your chosen topic?

CRJS 6002 Week 7 Quiz (20 Questions)

1. Which of the following questions is NOT a question that you should ask when conducting a critical analysis of an article?

2. How many different types of analyses are there?

3. What is the difference between a quantitative and a qualitative analysis?

4. What is the difference between an inductive and a deductive analysis?

5. How do you determine whether an article is credible?

6. What are some questions you can ask to determine whether an article is comprehensive?

7. What are some questions you can ask to determine whether an article is objective?

8. What are some questions you can ask to determine whether an article is well-written?

9. What are some questions you can ask to determine whether an article is persuasive?

CRJS 6002 Week 7 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. In order to be considered an expert witness, an individual must have:

a. A degree in the field in which they will be testifying.

b. Extensive experience in the field in which they will be testifying.

c. A certification from a professional organization.

d. All of the above.

2. The term ___________ is used to describe someone who uses their expert knowledge to offer testimony that supports one side or the other in a legal case.

a. Consultant

b. Advocate

c. Expert witness

d. Specialist

3. Which of the following is NOT a factor that is considered when determining whether or not someone can serve as an expert witness?

a. Their education and training

b. Their past testimony in court cases

c. Their publications and research in the field

d. Their personal beliefs and values

4. Which of the following is NOT a type of expert testimony?

a. Opinions about what happened in a particular case based on the expert’s experience and knowledge

b. Interpretations of evidence that is presented in a case

c. Explanations of scientific or technical concepts that are relevant to a case

d. Recommendations for how a case should be decided

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Description

In CRJS 6002 Course, students will be introduced to the foundations of graduate study. The CRJS 6002 Course will cover such topics as research methods, writing for scholarly journals, and working with a thesis or dissertation committee. In addition, students will be given an overview of the criminal justice field and the various career paths that are available to them.

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Outline

Week 8 Outline:

Foundations of Graduate Study (CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 Course is designed to provide an introduction to the foundations of graduate study. The CRJS 6002 Course will cover topics such as research methods, writing in the social sciences, and ethics in research. The CRJS 6002 Course will also introduce students to the American criminal justice system and its major components.

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Objectives

• Understand the methods of research and scientific inquiry.

• Develop a research proposal.

• Understand ethical considerations in research.

• Understand how to critically evaluate research.

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Pre-requisites

CRJS 6100 – Research Methods in Criminal Justice (3 credits)

CRJS 6200 – Theory and Practice of Criminal Justice (3 credits)

CRJS 6300 – Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice (3 credits)

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Duration

3 weeks

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Learning Outcomes

CRJS 6002 Course focuses on the following student learning outcomes: • Explain advanced research concepts and methods. • Analyze and evaluate research studies. • Develop a research proposal. • Identify resources for conducting criminal justice research. • Evaluate the scientific merit of research findings.

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Assessment & Grading

CRJS 6002 Course

Assignment 2: Essay Exam

You will be given three essay questions to choose from. Select the one you feel best allows you to display your understanding of the CRJS 6002 Course material. Each essay question is worth 40 points (120 total). Answer each question in approximately 1-2 pages. Your essay should demonstrate scholarly writing and correct grammar and spelling. Please use APA formatting. You may not consult outside sources for this exam. This exam is due no later than 11:59 pm (ET) on Monday of Week 8.

Essay Questions:

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Suggested Resources/Books

“Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction”, Frank Schmalleger, 11th edition

ISBN-13: 978-0134067090

ISBN-10: 0134067091

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Assignment (20 Questions)

Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

This assignment consists of 20 multiple choice questions. Please select the best answer for each question.

1. What are some of the benefits that can be gained by pursuing a master’s degree in criminal justice?

A. Access to higher paying jobs, increased job satisfaction, and improved job security.

B. Access to more prestigious jobs, increased job satisfaction, and improved job security.

C. Access to more prestigious jobs, increased job satisfaction, and increased job opportunities.

D. Access to higher paying jobs, increased job satisfaction, and increased job opportunities.

2. What are some of the potential drawbacks of pursuing a master’s degree in criminal justice?

A. The cost of tuition, the time commitment required, and the difficulty of the CRJS 6002 Coursework.

B. The cost of tuition, the time commitment required, and the difficulty of balancing work and school.

C. The cost of tuition, the time commitment required, and the difficulty of finding a program that is accredited.

D. The cost of tuition, the time commitment required, and the difficulty of securing financial aid.

3. Which of the following is NOT a type of institution that offers master’s degrees in criminal justice?

A. Four-year colleges and universities

B. Two-year colleges and universities

C. Online colleges and universities

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. How did the police department in your case study become aware of the problem?

2. How did the community react to the problem?

3. How did the police department respond to the problem?

4. What resources were used to solve the problem?

5. What was the outcome of the problem-solving process?

6. Was the problem effectively solved? Why or why not?

7. What could the police department have done differently to better solve the problem?

8. What could the community have done differently to better solve the problem?

9. What could have been done differently overall to better solve the problem?

10. What lessons can be learned from this case study that can be applied to future problem-solving efforts?

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are the various types of sentencing? Which type of sentencing do you think is the most effective? Why?

2. What are some of the factors that a judge must consider when imposing a sentence?

3. How does plea bargaining work? What are some of the pros and cons of plea bargaining?

4. What is probation? What are some of the conditions that may be imposed on a probationer?

5. What is parole? What are some of the conditions that may be imposed on a parolee?

6. What is the difference between juvenile detention and adult jail?

7. What is house arrest? How does it differ from probation or parole?

8. What is electronic monitoring? How does it differ from house arrest?

9. What are some alternatives to incarceration?

10. What is reentry? What are some of the challenges that ex-offenders face when they are released from prison?

CRJS 6002 Week 8 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are the major differences between probation and parole? How do these differences impact an offender’s chances for successful reentry into society?

2. What is the goal of community corrections? How do different community corrections programs (e.g., halfway houses, day reporting centers, electronic monitoring) contribute to this goal?

3. What are some of the challenges faced by offenders during reentry into society? What can be done to address these challenges and improve offenders’ chances for successful reentry?

4. What is recidivism? Why is it such a important issue in the field of corrections? What can be done to reduce recidivism rates?

5. What is the purpose of sentencing? What are some of the different types of sentences that can be imposed on an offender? How do these sentences impact an offender’s reentry into society?

6. What is the difference between prison and jail? What are some of the unique challenges faced by inmates in each type of facility?

7. How does the use of prisons impact society? Are there any alternatives to incarceration that could be used to address crime in our communities?

8. How does race/ethnicity impact the criminal justice system? Are minority groups disproportionately represented at every stage of the system? If so, why do you think this is the case?

9. How does gender impact the criminal justice system? Are males and females treated equally throughout the system? If not, why do you think this is the case?

10. How does social class impact the criminal justice system? Do lower-class individuals have fewer opportunities for success within the system than upper-class individuals? If so, why do you think this is the case

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Please note, there is no right or wrong answer to these questions. They are simply meant to get you thinking about the topics covered in this week’s lecture and readings.

1. What types of crimes are committed online?

2. How have traditional crimes been adapted to the online environment?

3. What are some of the unique challenges associated with investigating and prosecuting cybercrime?

4. What are some of the unique victimization risks associated with cybercrime?

5. How can individuals protect themselves from becoming victims of cybercrime?

6. What are some of the ethical considerations associated with cybercrime investigation and prosecution?

7. What are some of the policy implications associated with cybercrime?

8. What types of international cooperation is necessary to effectively investigate and prosecute cybercrime?

9. What are some of the jurisdictional challenges associated with cybercrime?

10. What are some of the technological challenges associated with investigating and prosecuting cybercrime?

CRJS 6002 Week 8 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is your favorite part of the class so far?

I really enjoy the discussions we have in class. It is interesting to learn about everyone’s different backgrounds and opinions on various topics.

2. What has been the most challenging part of the class?

I would say the most challenging part of the class has been keeping up with the readings. There is a lot of material to cover and it can be difficult to find the time to read everything.

3. What are your thoughts on the research paper?

I am enjoying the research paper so far. I think it is a great opportunity to learn more about a topic that interests me. I am finding it challenging to narrow down my topic, but I think that is part of the process.

4. What do you think about the exams?

I think the exams are fair. They are a good way to test our knowledge of the material we have covered in class. I appreciate that there are both multiple choice and essay questions so that we can show what we know in different ways.

5. What has been your favorite discussion topic?

My favorite discussion topic so far has been the death penalty. I found it to be a very interesting and thought-provoking topic. I enjoyed hearing everyone’s opinions and perspectives on the issue.

CRJS 6002 Week 8 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1 2 / 2 pts How many times have you been arrested? None One Two or more Question 2 2 / 2 pts Your boyfriend/girlfriend breaks up with you. You decide to drink heavily, go to his/her house, and threaten to kill him/her. What is this called? Assault Aggravated assault Threatening behavior Murder Question 3 2 / 2 pts The primary goal of the majority of corrections today is: Deterrence Incapacitation Rehabilitation Question 4 0 / 2 pts __________ refers to the notion that a person has a right not to be convicted of a crime except through fair procedures. Due process Habeas corpus Presumption of innocence Bill of rights Question 5 0 / 2 pts A ___________________ is where an offender does not get a prison sentence but is supervised by parole officers in the community. Sentence Suspended sentence Probation Incarceration Question 6 0 / 2 pts Prisons are usually constructed using one of three designs: Circle Hub and spoke Perimeter fence Cell block Question 7 0 / 2 pts Inmates who engage in ______________________ are engaging in sex with others who may or may not be willing partners. Sexual harassment Sodomy Sexual assault Rape Question 8 0 / 2 pts One way states have attempted to control prison overcrowding is by: Creating more prisons Closing some prisons Early release on parole Sending prisoners out-of-state Question 9 0 / 2 pts Which of the following statements is true regarding capital punishment? It has never been demonstrated that capital punishment prevents crime; however, it can provide closure for victims’ families Many countries around the world have abolished capital punishment Capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life imprisonment without parole If a state abolishes capital punishment, it can still bring charges under federal law for anyone charged with murder Question 10 0 / 2 pts _____________ means that one cannot be convicted of a crime except by due process of law. Double jeopardy Presumption of innocence Right to counsel Bill of rights Question 11 0 / 2 pts The Eighth Amendment bars cruel and unusual punishments including which one of the following? Executions Punishments for crimes Committing crimes Punishment for white collar crimes Punishment for drug offenses Punishment for violent crimes Punishments for property crimes Excessive fines Seizure without due process Forfeiture without due process Imprisonment beyond what was authorized by law Imprisonment beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines Probation beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines Parole beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines Sentencing beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines Probation before judgment beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines Community service beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines Home detention beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines Restitution beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines Financial sanctions beyond what was authorized by sentencing guidelines

CRJS 6002 Week 8 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

Please enter your name. (optional)

First name

Last name

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Description

CRJS 6002 Course focuses on academic success and professional development in the field of criminal justice. Students will explore various research methods, writing styles, and APA formatting. In addition, students will have the opportunity to develop a personal portfolio that can be used in their job search.

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Outline

CRJS 6002 Course Materials:…

Foundations of Graduate Study, CRJS 6002, CRJS 6002 Week 9 Outline for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) Instructor: Dr. Lisa D. Butler Required Textbook: Wambach, C., & Corsini, R. J. (2011). Research methods in psychology (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Other Readings and Resources: Web articles and video lectures are linked within the weekly outline below. CRJS 6002 Course Overview and Objectives CRJS 6002 Course is designed to introduce students to the process of research within the field of psychology. Students will be provided with an overview of various research methodologies used in psychological research including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches. Students will also have the opportunity to design a research proposal based on a topic of interest as well as become familiar with issues related to ethics and research integrity in psychological research. Upon completion of CRJS 6002 Course students will be able to do the following: 1) Understand the process of scientific inquiry 2) Understand different approaches used in psychological research 3) Understand how different research designs can influence conclusions drawn from data 4) Understand ethical principles associated with conducting psychological research 5) Understand common pitfalls made in conducting psychological research 6) Describe how psychological theory informs scientific inquiry 7) Develop a detailed outline for a research proposal including specific hypotheses based on a topic of interest 8) Create an annotated bibliography based on a topic of interest in psychology 9) Develop a detailed plan for conducting psychological research 10) Identify personal strengths and weaknesses related to conducting psychological res

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Objectives

This week we will discuss how to conduct a literature review, an important component of research. We will also discuss the differences between qualitative and quantitative research, as well as different types of data collection.

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Pre-requisites

Pre-requisites for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) CRJS 6002 Week 9 Pre-requisites for CRJS 6010 – Criminal Theory and Research (3 credits) (CRJS 6010)

Pre-requisites for CRJS 6010 – Criminal Theory and Research (3 credits) (CRJS 6010) CRJS 6002 Week 9 Pre-requisites for CRJS 6020 – Interpersonal Violence in the U.S. (3 credits) (CRJS 6020)

Pre-requisites for CRJS 6020 – Interpersonal Violence in the U.S. (3 credits) (CRJS 6020) CRJS 6002 Week 9 Pre-requisites for CRJS 6030 – Organized Crime and Corruption (3 credits) (CRJS 6030)

Pre-requisites for CRJS 6030 – Organized Crime and Corruption (3 credits) (CRJS 6030) CRJS 6002 Week 9 Pre-requisites for CRJS 6040 – Policing in the U.S. (3 credits) (CRJS 6040)

Pre-requisites for CRJS 6040 – Policing in the U.S. (3 credits) (CRJS 6040) CRJS 6002 Week 9 Pre-requisites for CRJS 6310 – Race, Gender, and Crime: Theory and Practice(3 credits)

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Duration

Week 9

Total Study Time for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) = 1 week

Classroom Time for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) = 3 hours

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Learning Outcomes

1. Understand how to assess research in the field of criminal justice.

2. Understand how to apply research methods in the field of criminal justice.

3. Understand how to use technology in the field of criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Assessment & Grading

Assessment: The evaluation in CRJS 6002 Course will consist of two components: 1) an online discussion and 2) a final exam. The online discussion will account for 25% of the grade and the final exam will account for 75% of the grade. The instructor will post specific instructions for the online discussion in the weekly syllabus. The final exam is a timed, proctored, open-book/open-notes exam that must be completed within 48 hours of receiving the exam link from ProctorU. Students may not consult with others during the exam. Exams are given on a fixed schedule; students must schedule their exams at least 24 hours in advance. Students must provide ProctorU with valid identification and complete a technical readiness assessment prior to scheduling their exams. There is no cost to students to use ProctorU services. Please see http://proctoru.com/pennstateonline for more information about ProctorU and to begin your technical readiness assessment

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Suggested Resources/Books

Crime and Justice in America: An Encyclopedia (2nd Edition)

Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences (6th Edition)

The Oxford Handbook of Criminological Theory (2nd Edition)

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Assignment (20 Questions)

Directions: Answer each of the following questions in 3-5 sentences. Be sure to include specific examples where requested. You may use your textbook, the University Library, and other resources to complete this assignment. Cite all sources using APA format on a separate reference page at the end of your document.

1. Define domestic violence and intimate partner violence. What are the characteristics of perpetrators and victims? How does society respond to these crimes?

2. Explain how intimate partner violence impacts children who witness it. What are some of the long-term effects on children? What services exist for children who witness domestic violence?

3. Describe how financial abuse is used as a weapon in intimate partner violence cases. What are some of the unique challenges faced by victims of financial abuse? What can be done to help these victims?

4. Discuss how technology is being used to commit crimes against intimate partners. What are some of the unique challenges faced by law enforcement when investigating these crimes? What can be done to help victims of technology-related crimes?

5. Define stalking and cyberstalking. What are some of the unique challenges faced by victims of stalking? What can be done to help these victims?

6. Explain how domestic violence impacts animals in the home. What are some of the unique challenges faced by law enforcement when investigating animal cruelty cases? What can be done to help victims of animal cruelty?

7. Discuss how immigration status can impact victims of domestic violence. What are some of the unique challenges faced by undocumented victims of domestic violence? What can be done to help these victims?

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. How do you think about the role of research in the field of criminal justice?

2. How has your view of research changed since taking CRJS 6002 Course?

3. What are the most important things that you have learned about research in criminal justice?

4. What do you think is the most important contribution that research can make to the field of criminal justice?

5. How do you think research can be used to improve the effectiveness of criminal justice agencies and practitioners?

6. What do you think are the most important benefits that can be derived from conducting criminal justice research?

7. What do you think are the most important limitations of criminal justice research?

8. What do you think are the most important ethical considerations that need to be taken into account when conducting criminal justice research?

9. What do you think is the most important thing that researchers need to keep in mind when designing and conducting criminal justice research?

10. What do you think is the most important thing that researchers need to keep in mind when interpreting and using research findings in criminal justice?

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

What is your definition of justice? What factors influence your definition? Do you believe that the criminal justice system in the United States is just? Why or why not? What are some of the major problems you see with the U.S. criminal justice system? How would you go about fixing them, if you could? Do you think that prisons are effective at rehabilitation? If not, what do you think is a better alternative? Do you think that the death penalty is a just punishment? Why or why not? What are your thoughts on restorative justice? Is there anything about it that you find problematic? How do you think we can create a more just society? Do you have any suggestions for policy changes that could help to achieve this goal?

CRJS 6002 Week 9 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What do we know about the use of deadly force by police?

2. How often do police use deadly force?

3. How does the public perceive the use of deadly force by police?

4. How does the media cover stories involving the use of deadly force by police?

5. What factors contribute to the use of deadly force by police?

6. What are the legal standards governing the use of deadly force by police?

7. How do police departments train their officers in the use of deadly force?

8. What are some of the challenges faced by police in using deadly force?

9. How can police departments improve their policies and procedures regarding the use of deadly force?

10. What are some of the best practices in the use of deadly force by police?

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What are the three primary types of juvenile crime?

2. Which type of juvenile crime is the most serious?

3. What are the three major types of punishment that can be imposed on juvenile offenders?

4. Which type of punishment is the most serious?

5. What are the three major types of treatment that can be provided to juvenile offenders?

6. Which type of treatment is the most effective?

CRJS 6002 Week 9 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

Question 1. What is an example of a negative reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement is an example of something that can happen when someone is trying to avoid a negative outcome. For instance, if someone is trying to avoid getting a speeding ticket, they may drive more carefully. Another example might be studying for an exam in order to avoid getting a bad grade.

CRJS 6002 Week 9 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1: What is the best definition of a youth gang?
Question 2: What is the primary reason that girls join gangs?
Question 3: Why do some experts believe that school-based gang prevention programs are ineffective?
Question 4: What is the best predictor of whether an individual will join a gang?
Question 5: Which of the following is not a common characteristic of street gangs?
Question 6: How do gangs typically recruit new members?
Question 7: What is the best way to prevent gang membership?
Question 8: How can community-based gang prevention programs be made more effective?
Question 9: What is the best way to reduce gang violence?
Question 10: What are some of the challenges associated with researching gangs?

CRJS 6002 Week 9 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. When calculating a z-score, which of the following is not true?
A. The mean is subtracted from the raw score.
B. The z-score is divided by the standard deviation.
C. Negative z-scores are possible.
D. All of the above are true.

2. A normal distribution is defined by which of the following properties?
A. The mean, median, and mode are all equal.
B. The curve is bell shaped with symmetrical tails that extend to infinity.
C. Approximately 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.
D. All of the above are true.

3. If a distribution is not normal, which of the following transformations might make it normal?
A. Adding a constant to every value in the distribution.
B. Dividing every value in the distribution by a constant.
C. Taking the square root of every value in the distribution.
D. All of the above might make the distribution normal.

4. Which of the following statements about correlation is true?
A. Correlation can only be used to examine linear relationships between variables.
B. Correlation can be used to examine relationships between categorical variables as well as quantitative variables.
C. Correlation coefficients can range from -1 to 1 inclusive.
D. All of the above are true statements about correlation coefficients.

5. Which of the following statements about causation is true?
A causation relationship cannot be established if two variables are not correlated with each other B) A causation relationship can be established if two variables are correlated with each other C) A causation relationship cannot be established if two variables are not statistically significant D) A causation relationship can only be established if two variables are statistically significant E) All of the above statements about causation are false F) Some of the above statements about causation are true

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Description

In CRJS 6002 Course, students will explore the foundations of graduate study and research. Students will be expected to read and critique research articles, develop research proposals, and present their findings. In addition, students will learn how to effectively use library resources and services.

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Outline

CRJS 6002 Course provides an introduction to the skills needed for success in a graduate program. Students will develop a toolkit of research, writing, and analytical skills. The CRJS 6002 Course will cover the elements of a research proposal, developing a research question, literature reviews, data collection and analysis, and writing up research results. Students will also be introduced to the expectations and conventions of scholarly writing.

Week 10: Final Paper Due

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Objectives

To become familiar with the research process, including formulating a research question, conducting a literature review, and identifying research methodologies.

To develop an understanding of the ethical considerations associated with conducting research.

To learn how to write a research proposal.

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Pre-requisites

Examines the foundations of graduate study. CRJS 6002 Course is designed to facilitate the transition from undergraduate to graduate studies and to increase success in master’s-level CRJS 6002 Courses. Students will explore topics such as writing a literature review, research design, the research process, developing a research proposal, identifying funding sources, conducting ethical research, developing academic papers and presentations, integrating technology into academic work, communicating with faculty and peers, time management and study skills.

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Duration

CRJS 6002 Course Format: Online Instructor-led

Overview of CRJS 6002 Course:

CRJS 6002 is a 3 credit CRJS 6002 Course that is taught online in an instructor-led format. The CRJS 6002 Course runs for 8 weeks, with weekly assignments and discussion forums. CRJS 6002 Coursework focuses on providing students with the research and writing skills necessary to succeed in graduate school.

CRJS 6002 Course Objectives:

CRJS 6002 Course is designed to provide students with the skills necessary to be successful in their chosen field of criminal justice. Students will learn about the research process, including how to develop research questions, search for and evaluate sources, and write a research paper. In addition, students will learn about the different types of writing common in graduate school, including literature reviews, case studies, and grant proposals. By the end of the CRJS 6002 Course, students will have completed a research paper on a topic of their choice within the field of criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Learning Outcomes

1. Recognize and apply various research methodologies.

2. Understand and explain ethical considerations in conducting research.

3. Develop a research proposal.

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Assessment & Grading

1. Outcomes Assessment:

During CRJS 6002 Course, you will be asked to submit an assessment that demonstrates your ability to apply the concepts learned in CRJS 6002 Course to real-world situations. Your assessment will consist of a 5-6 page research paper. The purpose of the paper is for you to choose a criminal justice topic and demonstrate your ability to apply graduate level research skills and writing skills. This is an individual assignment and must be completed by the end of the CRJS 6002 Course. Please refer to the CRJS 6002 Course Syllabus for specific instructions on how to complete this assignment and for late submission penalties.

2. Grading Scale:

A = 100-93% C = 73-76% A- = 92-90% C- = 72-70% B+ = 89-87% D+ = 69-67% B = 86-83% D = 66-63% B- = 82-80% D- = 62-60% C+ = 79-77% F < 60%

3. Graded Activities and Weighting:

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Suggested Resources/Books

Week 10 Summary – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfVuOjKM_7I&feature=youtu.be

Discussion Board – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yPmJmQFn1Y&feature=youtu.be

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between a scientific and a nonscientific perspective?

2. What is the scientific method? How is it used to study criminal behavior?

3. What are the basic assumptions of the scientific perspective?

4. How does the scientific perspective differ from the common-sense perspective?

5. What are the limitations of the scientific perspective?

6. What is the relationship between theory and research?

7. What is a theory? How is it developed?

8. What are the three types of theories? Which type of theory is most useful for explaining criminal behavior?

9. What are the basic components of a theory? How do these components help explain criminal behavior?

10. What are some of the problems with developing theories of criminal behavior?

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

Question 1: How has the American criminal justice system evolved over time?

The American criminal justice system has evolved over time in response to changes in society, technology, and law. The system today is much different than it was even a few decades ago.

Question 2: What are some of the major challenges facing the criminal justice system today?

Some of the major challenges facing the criminal justice system today include overcrowded prisons, limited resources, and rising crime rates. These challenges make it difficult for the system to effectively protect the public and ensure justice is served.

Question 3: What is the role of the police in the criminal justice system?

The police play a vital role in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for investigating crimes, making arrests, and working with prosecutors to build cases against defendants. Without the police, the system would not be able to function.

Question 4: What is the role of prosecutors in the criminal justice system?

Prosecutors play a vital role in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for reviewing police reports, filing charges against defendants, and presenting cases in court. Without prosecutors, defendants would not be brought to justice and victims would not receive closure.

Question 5: What is the role of judges in the criminal justice system?

Judges play a vital role in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for presiding over trials, sentencing defendants, and supervising probation and parole. Without judges, defendants would not receive a fair trial and victims would not receive justice.

Question 6: What is the role of juries in the criminal justice system?

Juries play a vital role in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for hearing evidence and determining whether defendants are guilty or innocent. Without juries, defendants would not receive a fair trial and victims would not receive justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are the different types of research designs?

2. What is the scientific method?

3. How do researchers go about formulating research questions?

4. How does the scientific method help researchers answer their research questions?

5. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of different research designs?

6. How do researchers select an appropriate research design for their study?

7. What are some common pitfalls that researchers can encounter when conducting research?

8. How can researchers ensure that their research is ethical and responsible?

9. What are some of the ways in which research can be used to inform policy and practice?

10. How can research be used to improve the criminal justice system?

CRJS 6002 Week 10 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?
2. What are the three types of homicide?
3. How does negligence differ from recklessness?
4. What is the definition of rape?
5. What are the two types of robbery?
6. What is the definition of burglary?
7. What are the three elements of arson?
8. What is the definition of kidnapping?
9. What is the definition of terrorism?
10. What are some of the challenges in investigating and prosecuting cybercrime?

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. How can the concept of social structure help us understand crime?

2. What are some of the key characteristics of organized crime?

3. What is white-collar crime, and how does it differ from other types of crime?

4. What is environmental crime, and what are some examples of this type of criminal activity?

5. What is victimology, and how can this field of study help us better understand crime and victimization?

6. Who are victims of crime, and what factors put them at risk for victimization?

7. What are some of the psychological effects of victimization?

8. How does the criminal justice system respond to victims of crime?

9. What are some of the challenges that victims face when interacting with the criminal justice system?

10. What role do victims play in the criminal justice process?

CRJS 6002 Week 10 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What are the differences between civil and criminal cases?

2. How does the burden of proof differ in civil and criminal cases?

3. Who has the burden of proof in a criminal case?

4. Who has the burden of proof in a civil case?

5. How does discovery work in civil and criminal cases?

6. What are some of the key differences between juries in civil and criminal cases?

7. How do sentencing guidelines differ in civil and criminal cases?

8. What are some of the key differences between appeals in civil and criminal cases?

9. How do plea bargaining and jury nullification work in criminal cases?

10. What are some of the rights afforded to defendants in criminal cases?

CRJS 6002 Week 10 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1: According to the U.S. Supreme Court, what is the protection against double jeopardy in the Fifth Amendment?

The protection against double jeopardy in the Fifth Amendment is that no one can be prosecuted twice for the same crime.

Question 2: Which of the following rights is NOT protected by the Fifth Amendment?

The right to a speedy trial is not protected by the Fifth Amendment.

Question 3: The exclusionary rule is based on which of the following?

The exclusionary rule is based on the principle that evidence obtained through illegal means should not be used in court.

Question 4: Which of the following statements about Miranda warnings is FALSE?

One of the Miranda warnings is that suspects have the right to remain silent.

Question 5: The plain view doctrine allows police officers to seize evidence without a warrant if __________.

The plain view doctrine allows police officers to seize evidence without a warrant if they are in a place where they have a legal right to be and they see the evidence in plain view.

Question 6: Which of the following does NOT require a warrant for a search and seizure?

A search incident to arrest does not require a warrant for a search and seizure.

Question 7: A stop and frisk is constitutional if __________.

A stop and frisk is constitutional if there is reasonable suspicion that the person stopped has committed or is about to commit a crime.

CRJS 6002 Week 10 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of graduate level research?

a. Requires a high degree of rigor and precision in writing.
b. Involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
c. Relies on the scientific method to test hypotheses.
d. Focuses on a specific topic or problem that has not been widely studied before.
e. All of the above are characteristics of graduate level research.

2. Which of the following is an example of qualitative research?

a. A study that uses surveys to collect data from a large number of people
b. A study that uses in-depth interviews to collect data from a small number of people
c. A study that uses observations to collect data
d. A study that uses experimental methods to collect data
e. All of the above are examples of qualitative research.

3. Which of the following is an example of quantitative research?

a) Qualitative research is less expensive than quantitative research.
b) Qualitative research can be used to generate hypotheses for further testing.
c) Qualitative research can provide rich, detailed descriptions of phenomena
d) Qualitative research is less time-consuming than quantitative research
e) All of the above are advantages of qualitative research

5) Which of the following is not an advantage of quantitative research?

a) Quantitative research can be used to test hypotheses
b) Quantitative research can provide rich, detailed descriptions of phenomena
c) Quantitative research is less expensive than qualitative research
d) Quantitative research is more time-consuming than qualitative research
e) All of the above are advantages of quantitative research

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Description

(CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 Course is a study of the relationship between research, theory and practice in the criminal justice field. Students will review research methodologies, examine research designs and critically analyze the application of research to policy and practice in the field of criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Outline

Week 11 Outline:
– Overview of the CRJS 6002 Course
– CRJS 6002 Course Goals and Objectives
– Introduction to the Capstone Project
– The Capstone Project Proposal
– The Capstone Project Presentation
– Conclusion

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Objectives

Student Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this week, students should be able to:

• Evaluate and apply theories of justice.
/* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ END OF CRJS 6002 Course OVERVIEW ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ */

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Pre-requisites

CRJS 6003 – Sociology of Crime and Deviance (3 credits)

CRJS 6004 – Statistics for Criminal Justice (3 credits)

CRJS 6011 – Policy Analysis in Criminal Justice (3 credits) Or equivalent CRJS 6002 Course Objectives CRJS 6002 Course requires you to review the research literature on a topic of interest to you, discuss your research interests with other students, and to submit a research proposal. You will also be required to deliver a presentation on your topic.

Assessment: 100% CRJS 6002 Coursework

Students must achieve a pass mark in each component of assessment to pass the CRJS 6002 Course. Learning Outcomes On successful completion of CRJS 6002 Course, you will be able to: Understand the requirements of an academically rigorous literature review; Write a literature review on an area of interest related to criminology and/or criminal justice; Critically analyse theories and models within criminology and/or criminal justice; Apply research methods knowledge to address an identified problem or question; Critically reflect upon ethical considerations relating to the conduct of criminological research; Demonstrate oral communication skills using technology, including online presentations. Indicative Module Content Lit Review Project Introduction Overview of literature review process Introduction to sourcing academic literature Referencing Developing search strategies Constructing systematic reviews Literature Review Construction Searching for sources Understanding theoretical perspectives Synthesising the literature Writing up Assessment Proposal Methodology Data collection Data analysis Ethical issues Presentation Feedback Research Seminar Series Research Presentation Reference(s) CRJS6001 CRJS 6002 Course Structure & Available Subjects Unit Name Credit Value Essential Pre-requisites Year 1 Semester 2 CRJS6001 10 Yes Year 2 Semester 1

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Duration

CRJS 6002 Course Description for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) CRJS 6002 Course is designed to help new students transition into graduate studies. The class will introduce students to the expectations, rigors and expectations of a graduate degree in the School of Criminal Justice. CRJS 6002 Course Objectives 1) To learn about available resources and services at the University 2) To become familiar with the mission and curriculum for a Master’s degree in Criminal Justice 3) To develop research skills needed for success in graduate study 4) To begin developing an understanding of professional responsibilities 5) To explore ways to contribute positively to the community 6) To begin preparing for entry into the criminal justice workforce

CRJS 6002 Course Outcomes for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) Explain how resources and services can facilitate their academic success Develop a network of support systems within the university Develop time management strategies needed for success in a graduate program Articulate career goals within criminal justice Describe ethical and professional responsibilities associated with working in criminal justice Prepare an oral presentation on a chosen research topic

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Learning Outcomes

At the conclusion of CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study, the student will be able to:

• Understand and apply basic research principles to the field of criminal justice.

• Develop a research proposal.

• Understand ethical considerations in research.

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Assessment & Grading

Assessment and Grading for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits)

1. Assessments: There are three types of assessments in CRJS 6002 Course:

a. Individual Assessments (IA): These are short answer questions that you will complete on your own and submit for grading.

b. Group Assessments (GA): These are tasks that you will complete as part of a group. Each group will have its own GA.

c. CRJS 6002 Course-Wide Assessments (CWA): These are tasks that everyone in the class will complete.

2. Grading Criteria: Your final grade for the CRJS 6002 Course will be determined using the following criteria:

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Suggested Resources/Books

Book/Textbook:

N/A

Additional Resources:

N/A

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is the goal of corrections?

The goal of corrections is to protect the public, punish offenders, and rehabilitate offenders.

2. How are prisons different from jails?

Prisons are long-term facilities that house offenders who have been convicted of serious crimes. Jails are short-term facilities that hold offenders who are awaiting trial or who have been sentenced to serve a term of one year or less.

3. What is the difference between probation and parole?

Probation is a form of supervision imposed on an offender by a court instead of a prison sentence. Parole is a form of early release from prison that is granted to an offender who has served a portion of his or her sentence.

4. What factors have contributed to the growth of prisons in the United States?

Several factors have contributed to the growth of prisons in the United States, including an increase in crime, tougher sentencing laws, and the War on Drugs.

5. What is the difference between institutional and community-based corrections?

Institutional corrections refer to the supervision of offenders in prisons and jails. Community-based corrections refer to the supervision of offenders in the community, typically through probation or parole.

6. What are some alternatives to incarceration?

Some alternatives to incarceration include probation, parole, electronic monitoring, halfway houses, and work release programs.

7. What is reentry?

Reentry refers to the process of releasing offenders from prison and helping them transition back into society. Reentry programs typically provide services such as job training, substance abuse treatment, and housing assistance. 8. What challenges do offenders face when they are released from prison?

Offenders face many challenges when they are released from prison, including finding employment, housing, and transportation. They may also struggle with substance abuse, mental health issues, and social isolation. 9. What is recidivism?

Recidivism is the act of reoffending, or committing another crime after being released from prison. 10. What factors contribute to recidivism?

Some factors that contribute to recidivism include lack of employment opportunities, drug addiction, and social isolation. 11. What impact does incarceration have on families and communities?

Incarceration can have a negative impact on families and communities in several ways, including financial strain, emotional distress, and social stigma. 12. How does mass incarceration affect minority communities?

Mass incarceration disproportionately affects minority communities due to racism in the criminal justice system. This can lead to mistrust of police, economic decline, and social disorder in these communities. 13. What are some solutions to mass incarceration?

Some solutions to mass incarceration include sentencing reform, drug policy reform, and investment in education and job training programs for disadvantaged youth. 14. What is private prisons?

Private prisons are for-profit institutions that contract with government agencies to house offenders. Private prisons have been criticized for their poor conditions and lack of rehabilitation programs. 15. Are private prisons more efficient than public prisons?

There is no definitive answer as to whether private prisons are more efficient than public prisons. Some studies have found that private prisons may be more cost-effective due to lower staff salaries and fewer benefits; however, other studies have found that private prisons may be less effective due to higher rates of recidivism among inmates released from these facilities 16 . Are private prisons ethical?

Private prisons have been criticized for their profit motive, which may conflict with rehabilitation efforts; however, there is no definitive answer as to whether they are ethical or not 17 .What types of crimes are most often committed by juveniles?

The most common types of crimes committed by juveniles include theft/larceny, simple assault/battery, vandalism/property damage 18 .Why has juvenile crime declined in recent years?

There is no definitive answer as to why juvenile crime has declined in recent years; however, some possible explanations include improved economic conditions 19 , increased investment in prevention/intervention programs 20 ,and changes in family structure 21 .What types of programs are available for juvenile offenders?

Programs for juvenile offenders typically focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment 22 . These programs may include counseling services 23 , educational classes 24 ,and job training 25 .How effective are juvenile justice programs?

The effectiveness of juvenile justice programs varies depending on the specific program; however overall these programs appear to be somewhat effective at reducing recidivism 26 .What challenges does the juvenile justice system face?

The juvenile justice system faces many challenges 27 , including overcrowding 28 , racial disparities 29 ,and a lack of evidence-based practices 30 .

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What are the purposes of the police?

2. How do police organizations function?

3. What are the different types of police agencies?

4. How do police agencies differ in their structure and function?

5. What is community policing?

6. What are the goals of community policing?

7. How does community policing differ from traditional policing?

8. What are the benefits of community policing?

9. What are the challenges associated with community policing?

10. What is problem-oriented policing?

11. What are the goals of problem-oriented policing?

12. How does problem-oriented policing differ from traditional policing and community policing?

13. What are the benefits of problem-oriented policing?

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. How are scientific methods used to study crime?

2. How does the scientific method relate to the criminal justice process?

3. What is the relationship between theory and research in the study of crime?

4. How does theory guide research in the study of crime?

5. What are some of the major theoretical perspectives in the study of crime?

6. How do these theoretical perspectives explain crime and criminality?

7. What are some of the methodological challenges in the study of crime?

8. How do researchers overcome these challenges?

9. What are some of the ethical challenges in the study of crime?

10. How do researchers overcome these challenges?

CRJS 6002 Week 11 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

Instructions: Answer the following questions in your initial post. Your initial post should be at least 150 words in length. Respond to at least two other students’ posts by Day 7.

1. What is the definition of “justice” according to the textbook? Give an example of how this definition might be applied in a criminal justice context.

2. How would you define “fairness”? What are some factors that might influence a person’s perceptions of fairness? Give an example of how fairness might be applied in a criminal justice context.

3. What is the difference between “due process” and “procedural justice”? Give an example of how each might be applied in a criminal justice context.

4. What is the difference between retributive justice and restorative justice? Give an example of how each might be applied in a criminal justice context.

5. What is the difference between distributive justice and corrective justice? Give an example of how each might be applied in a criminal justice context.

6. What are some of the challenges associated with achieving justice in the criminal justice system? What are some potential solutions to these challenges?

7. In what ways does the criminal justice system promote social injustice? What are some potential solutions to this problem?

8. Do you think it is possible to achieve true justice in the criminal justice system? Why or why not?

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

“Do we need to be concerned about the militarization of police in the United States?” Please address this question from a critical thinking perspective. You may discuss personal experiences and observations you have made, but all posts must be based on evidence (research). Be sure to support your claims with at least two references, one of which must be from an academic journal found in the Ashford University Library.

CRJS 6002 Week 11 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

Week 11 DQ 2 Please review the Discussion Grading Rubric for guidance on how your discussion will be graded. Respond to the following: 1. Discuss how objectivity and subjectivity may impact a professional investigator during an investigation. Objectivity and subjectivity are two terms that are often used when discussing an investigation. They are both important concepts to understand when conducting an investigation. Objectivity is the quality or state of being unbiased or impartial. Subjectivity is the quality or state of being based on personal opinions or feelings. 2. How might an investigator’s personal beliefs influence the outcome of an investigation? Personal beliefs can influence the outcome of an investigation in a number of ways. For example, if an investigator has a personal belief that a particular suspect is guilty, they may be more likely to find evidence that supports their belief, even if that evidence is not actually there. On the other hand, if an investigator has a personal belief that a particular suspect is innocent, they may be more likely to look for evidence that supports their belief, even if that evidence is not actually there. 3. How can investigators ensure that their personal beliefs do not influence the outcome of an investigation? Investigators can ensure that their personal beliefs do not influence the outcome of an investigation by remaining objective throughout the investigation. This means that investigators should avoid making assumptions about suspects or victims, and should instead focus on gathering and examining evidence in an unbiased manner. 4. What are some techniques that investigators can use to remain objective during an investigation? Some techniques that investigators can use to remain objective during an investigation include keeping an open mind, avoiding preconceived notions, and considering all evidence equally. 5. How might confirmation bias impact an investigator during an investigation? Confirmation bias is the tendency for people to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs or hypotheses. This bias can impact investigators during an investigation by causing them to focus on evidence that supports their beliefs, while ignoring or downplaying evidence that does not support their beliefs. 6. How can investigators avoid confirmation bias during an investigation? Investigators can avoid confirmation bias during an investigation by remaining aware of their own biases, and by making a conscious effort to consider all evidence equally, regardless of whether it supports their preexisting beliefs or not. 7. What are some other biases that might impact investigators during an investigation? Some other biases that might impact investigators during an investigation include self-fulfilling prophecies, sunk cost fallacy, and halo effect. 8. How can investigators avoid these other biases during an investigation? Investigators can avoid these other biases during an investigation by remaining aware of their own biases, and by making a conscious effort to consider all evidence equally, regardless of whether it supports their preexisting beliefs or not. 9. What role does experience play in influencing an investigator’s objectivity and subjectivity? Experience plays a significant role in influencing an investigator’s objectivity and subjectivity. For example, experienced investigators may be more likely to be objective in their investigations than inexperienced investigators because they have seen many different cases and have developed investigative skills that allow them to remain unbiased. On the other hand, experienced investigators may also be more likely to be subjective in their investigations because they have developed strong opinions about certain types of cases after seeing many similar cases over the CRJS 6002 Course of their career. 10

CRJS 6002 Week 11 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1.1. The term _________________ refers to an area of study that is concerned with the relationships between people and organizations. (Points : 1)

sociology

psychology

social psychology

social work

Question 2.2. A group of students in a classroom would be an example of a(n) ___________________ group, whereas a group of soldiers in combat would be an example of a(n) ___________________ group. (Points : 1)

task; task-oriented

task; social-oriented

reference; task-oriented

reference; social-oriented

Question 3.3. In ___________________ groups, members are usually trying to accomplish something and are usually more concerned about getting the task done than about making sure that everyone’s feelings are respected or that everyone has an opportunity to be involved in the decision making process.(Points : 1) Reference groups tend to be composed of individuals who share similar backgrounds and aspirations in life, who have close and frequent contact with each other, and who perceive themselves as being mutually interdependent. For these reasons, reference groups can exert significant influence on people’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.(Points : 1) Reference groups also can provide people with important information they may not otherwise have access to.(Points : 1) All of the above(Points : 1) None of the above(Points : 1) Question 9.9. Each student’s father is one member of his or her family system that makes up their particular family structure.(Points : 1) True False Question 10.10. According to Social Control Theory, deviance is a natural part of society because it is impossible to prevent all forms of deviant behavior from occurring.(Points : 1) True False Question 11.11. To say that deviant behavior varies across time means that one form of deviant behavior today may not be considered as deviant behavior tomorrow.(Points : 1) True False Question 12.12. Deviance is largely personal since what may appear as deviant behavior to one person might not appear so when viewed from another person’s perspective.(Points : 1) True False Question 13.13. One reason why labeling theory does not consider deviance to be a purely personal matter is because the label itself has consequences for both the labeler and the labeled individual.(Points : 1) True False Question 14.14. Stigma is typically associated with being gay or lesbian in today’s society whereas being obese is a stigma among many celebrities because they must maintain certain physical standards if they want to remain famous.(Points : 1) True False Question 15.15. In research on self-fulfilling prophecies, those who had been labeled “stupid” improved academically after being told they were bright while those labeled “bright” did not improve academically after being told they were stupid.(Points : 1) True False Question 16 .16 . When sociologists refer to secondary deviance, they are referring to((Positive labels)(Negative labels)(Deviant labels)(Rejection from family or friends)) primary acts((The effects or consequences of negative labels)) criminal records((A person committing a new act when he/she continues exhibiting deviant behavior)) rural areas((Urban areas))(Rural areas)(Criminal justice agencies)(Sociologists)(Educators)(Law enforcement agencies)(Courts)(Prison officials)(Judges) Standardization((The application of rules or laws without exception or deviations)) Discretion((The application or exercise of judgment or choice according to one’s own standards)) Consistency((The ability to apply rules uniformly regardless of circumstances)) Punishment((Prison)) Rehabilitation((Probation)) Deterrence((Parole)) incapacitation ((Community service)), (service learning), (prison education programs), (vocational training), (substance abuse treatment programs), (mental health treatment programs), (anger management programs), among others.. Less serious offenders should be placed on probation while more serious offenders should be incarcerated.. Inmates should receive harsher punishment for breaking prison rules than non-inmates.. Individualized sanctions such as probation are more effective than standardized sanctions such as prison.. Incarceration creates problems for both inmates and society.. Incapacitation reduces crime but is too costly.. Deterrence reduces crime but it cannot always be proven empirically.. Rehabilitation reduces crime but offenders must first accept responsibility for their actions.. incarceration may actually promote criminal involvement by providing opportunities for offenders to learn new criminal skills while incarcerated../ training officers can improve communication skills among police officers/ increasing racial diversity among police officers/ improving job satisfaction among police officers/. imprisonment rates have increased significantly over the past three decades./ probation rates have declined significantly over the past three decades./ violent crime rates have declined significantly over the past three decades./ expenditures on prisons have increased significantly over the past three decades/. A central tenet within self-control theory posits that criminals lack self-control since childhood./ A central tenet within labeling theory posits that criminals lack self-control since childhood./ A central tenet within social control theory posits that criminals lack self-control since childhood./ A central tenet within conflict theory posits that criminals lack self-control since childhood/. Goal setting/ Self monitoring/ Impulse control/ Self evaluation/. Situational factors/. Internal factors/. Attitude factors/. Structural factors/. Motivational factors/. Educational factors/. Sexual abuse/(Child abuse)/ Family violence/(Peer pressure). Social support systems/(Family relations). Economic deprivation/(Economic disparity). Unemployment/(Poverty). Lack of parental supervision/(School failure). Exposure to violence/guns/(Substance abuse). Mental illness: Specifically conduct disorder_(Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder_ Schizophrenia_. Social support systems_(Parental supervision). Economic deprivation_(Unemployment). Cultural transmission_(Differential opportunity). Differential reinforcement_(Differential association)/ Neutralization_. School failure/_Truancy_. Substance abuse/_Mental illness._Exposure to violence (_Gangs_._Substance abuse._Lack parental supervision._Exposure violence._Exposure gangs._Exposure violence _Substance abuse._Lack parental supervision ._Sexual abuse_. Family violence _Violent media_._Violent movies_._Violent video games_. Publicity(_Media coverage ). Imposition_(Delinquency courts.) Identification_(Police agencies.). Associations(_Friends_ Gang members_): Nonexclusionary(_Inclusive). Exclusionary(_Segregated): Individualism_(Nonrelational): Relational(_Interpersonal): Owning firearms:(Violence _Aggression_.) Violence: Television _Videos _Movies__Video games: Violent content:(Television movies music videos video games ) Violenceviolent Media: Exposureviolent Media: Exposureviolent Media: Exposureviolent Media: Exposureviolent Media: Exposureviolent Media: Exposureviolent Media: Exposureviolent Media: Exposure

CRJS 6002 Week 11 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. Which of the following statements about social psychology is false?

A. Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think, feel, and behave in social situations.
B. Social psychologists study how people influence and are influenced by others.
C. Social psychologists use scientific methods to study social phenomena.
D. Social psychology is the study of individual behavior in a social context.

2. Social psychologists use which of the following methods to study social phenomena?

A. Experimental methods
B. Case studies
C. Survey methods
D. All of the above

3. Social psychologists use which of the following methods to study social phenomena?

A. Experimental methods
B. Case studies
C. Survey methods
D. All of the above

4. In order for an experiment to be valid, it must be __________.

A. Reliable
B. Precise
C. Generalizable
D. All of the above
5. In order for an experiment to be valid, it must be __________.
A. Reliable B. Precise C. Generalizable D. All of the above

6 . In order for an experiment to be valid, it must be all of the above

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Description

CRJS 6002 Course will provide students with a critical analysis of the research process, an evaluation of research design and methodology, an examination of ethical considerations in conducting research, and a review of the use of statistical methods in criminological research. Additionally, students will learn how to read and critique professional journal articles.

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Outline

Week 12 Outline for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002)

This week we will focus on preparing for your final exam.

I. Review for final exam (CRJS6002-Foundations_of_Graduate_Study)

A. Exam format

B. Exam content
1. CRJS 6002 Course objectives
2. Key topics and concepts
3. Important readings

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Objectives

1. Understand how to apply a range of research methods to collect and analyze data for use in evidence-based decision making in the criminal justice field.

2. Understand how to use statistical methods to analyze data and communicate findings effectively.

3. Understand how to critically evaluate research literature in the criminal justice field.

4. Understand the ethical considerations involved in conducting research in the criminal justice field.

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Pre-requisites

Week 12 Pre-requisites for CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) The following prerequisites must be met in order to take CRJS 6002: 1. Completion of all required CRJS 6002 Coursework for the M.A. in Criminal Justice Studies; and 2. Minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0; and 3. Permission of the Graduate Program Director.

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Duration

(CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6002 Course 12: Final Exam Week

Total estimated time to complete CRJS 6002 Course 12: 1 hour

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to:

1. Evaluate the major paradigms of criminology.

2. Discuss the various types of research designs used in criminology.

3. Apply different theoretical approaches to the study of crime and criminals.

4. Compare and contrast different methods of data collection and analysis in criminology.

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Assessment & Grading

This assessment is worth 100 points. Please complete all parts of the assessment.

Part 1: Reflection Essay (40 points)

Instructions: In a well-written essay of 500–800 words, address the following:

• How has CRJS 6002 Course enhanced your professional development? What new skills have you gained or refined during the CRJS 6002 Course? Describe how these skills will contribute to your success in the field of criminal justice.

• Reflect on your experience working with and presenting to peers and other professionals, as well as taking on an active role in shaping discussions. How did these experiences enhance your learning in this class? What did you find challenging about them? Describe how you will use what you learned from these experiences in your future work as a criminologist or criminal justice professional.

Cite at least two sources from professional literature in addition to the CRJS 6002 Course textbook to support your points. Be sure to include a reference list at the end of your essay. Your essay must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Quick Reference Guide, located under the “References” tab on the left navigation toolbar, in your Reader for Week One. You are encouraged to submit your essay for feedback through the Ashford Writing Center before submitting it here for grading. Click on this link to Submit Your Assignment by Day 7.

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Suggested Resources/Books

– Ashford University

Week 12 Discussion 1

“Development of Law Enforcement” Please respond to the following:
* Read Chapter 7 in your textbook, as well as Section 7.1 in A History of Policing in the United States (Links to an external site.). Based on your readings and knowledge from prior weeks, identify and describe three (3) reasons why policing has changed dramatically over the years. Explain at least one way in which each reason has impacted policing. For example, how did the technological advances that were described in Section 7.1 affect policing? Cite specific examples to support your response.

The three reasons why policing has changed dramatically over the years are:
1) The impact of technology on policing;
2) The impact of 9/11 on policing; and
3) The impact of the financial crisis on policing.

Technology has had a major impact on policing. The use of computers, the internet, and social media have changed the way police officers do their jobs. Officers can now access information quickly and easily, which has made them more efficient and effective in their work. In addition, technology has also made it possible for officers to share information and resources with each other, which has helped to improve the quality of police work.

The attacks of 9/11 had a significant impact on policing. In the aftermath of the attacks, there was a heightened focus on homeland security and the need to protect the American people from terrorist threats. This led to a increase in funding for police departments and an expansion of their roles and responsibilities. As a result, police officers are now expected to play a more active role in counterterrorism efforts and have been given more resources to do so.

The financial crisis also had a major impact on policing. The recession led to budget cuts for many police departments, which forced them to reduce their staffing levels and make other changes. This has made it more difficult for police officers to do their jobs effectively and has led to an increase in crime in some areas.

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What are the three main types of research designs?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of research design?

3. How do you determine which research design is best for your study?

4. What are the steps in the research process?

5. What is a literature review and why is it important?

6. How do you conduct a literature review?

7. What are the different types of data?

8. How do you collect data?

9. How do you analyze data?

10. What are some common statistical tests used in criminological research?

11. What is a hypothesis?

12. How do you develop hypotheses?

13. How do you test hypotheses?

14. What are the different types of validity and reliability?

15. How do you ensure that your study has validity and reliability?

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What is the primary difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

2. What is the scientific method, and how is it used in research?

3. What is a hypothesis, and how is it used in research?

4. What are the three major types of research designs?

5. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each type of research design?

6. How do researchers select an appropriate research design?

7. How does the research design affect the interpretation of research results?

8. What are some common sources of bias in research?

9. How can bias be minimized in research?

10. What are some common ethical issues in research?

11. How can ethical issues be minimized in research?

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are some of the most important things you have learned in CRJS 6002 Course?
2. How has CRJS 6002 Course helped you to better understand the field of criminal justice?
3. What has been your favorite topic or unit in CRJS 6002 Course? Why?
4. Have you found any of the material in CRJS 6002 Course particularly challenging? If so, what was it and why do you think it was challenging for you?
5. Did you have any ah-ha moments during CRJS 6002 Course – moments where something just clicked for you and suddenly made sense? If so, what was it and why do you think it clicked for you at that particular time?
6. What has been your biggest takeaway from CRJS 6002 Course? In other words, what is the one thing you will remember and carry with you after completing CRJS 6002 Course?
7. What are your thoughts on the role of theory in criminal justice? Do you think theory is important? Why or why not?
8. What are your thoughts on the role of research in criminal justice? Do you think research is important? Why or why not?
9. What are your thoughts on the role of practice in criminal justice? Do you think practice is important? Why or why not?
10. How do you see theory, research, and practice working together in criminal justice? Do you think they should be integrated more? Less? Or do you think they are currently integrated pretty well?
11. Based on what you have learned in CRJS 6002 Course, what do you think are the most pressing issues facing the field of criminal justice today?
12. Based on what you have learned in CRJS 6002 Course, what do you think are the most promising solutions to these pressing issues?
13. What new questions has CRJS 6002 Course raised for you about criminal justice?
14. How has CRJS 6002 Course changed or confirmed your views on criminal justice?
15. What impact do you think CRJS 6002 Course will have on your future studies and/or career in criminal justice?
16. Was there anything about CRJS 6002 Course that surprised you – either positively or negatively? If so, what was it and why did it surprise you?
17. What did you like best about CRJS 6002 Course? Least like?
18. Which assignments were most helpful to you in understanding the material covered in CRJS 6002 Course? Least helpful? Why do you think that is the case?
19. If CRJS 6002 Course were offered again, what changes would you like to see made to it (e.g., different readings, different assignments, different topics covered)?
20. Would you recommend CRJS 6002 Course to others interested in criminal justice? Why or why not

CRJS 6002 Week 12 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What is the role of the police in society?

2. How do the police interact with the public?

3. How do the police maintain order?

4. What is the relationship between the police and the criminal justice system?

5. How do the police investigate crime?

6. How do the police enforce the law?

7. What are the different types of police organizations?

8. What are the different types of police officers?

9. What are the different types of police powers?

10. What are the different types of police procedures?

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is a research question? How do you develop a good research question?

2. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a research question?

3. What are the different types of research designs? Which type of design is best suited for your research question?

4. What are the different types of data collection methods? Which type of data collection method is best suited for your research question?

5. What are the different types of data analysis methods? Which type of data analysis method is best suited for your research question?

6. How do you develop a research proposal? What are the different elements of a research proposal?

7. How do you know if your research proposal is good enough to be accepted by a journal or funding agency?

8. How do you select a journal for your research paper? How do you know if a journal is peer-reviewed?

9. How do you write a good abstract for your research paper? What are the different elements of a good abstract?

CRJS 6002 Week 12 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is the significance of the fact that the vast majority of prisoners are male?

2. How do race and ethnicity play a role in prisoner recidivism rates?

3. What are some of the unique challenges faced by female prisoners?

4. How does the prison experience differ for juveniles as compared to adults?

5. How does the length of a prison sentence impact recidivism rates?

6. What are some of the psychological effects of incarceration?

7. What is the impact of prison on family and community relationships?

8. How does imprisonment affect an individual’s employment prospects upon release?

9. What are the public health implications of mass incarceration?

10. What are some of the policy implications of high recidivism rates?

CRJS 6002 Week 12 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1.1. (TCO 8) If a jury does not reach a unanimous verdict, the judge may _____. (Points : 2)

declare a mistrial and dismiss the jury

poll the jury and find out which way it is leaning

instruct the jury to continue deliberating until they reach a unanimous verdict

all of the above

Question 2.2. (TCO 8) In federal courts, _____ must agree on a defendant’s guilt in order for that person to be convicted of a crime. (Points : 2)

a majority of jurors

a supermajority of jurors

CRJS 6002 Week 12 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. In order for the police to conduct a search of a person or property, they must have __________.

a. Probable cause
a warrant
the permission of the individual being searched
all of the above

2. The first recorded use of fingerprints for identification purposes was in __________.

China
Babylon
Persia
England

3. Which of the following is not an advantage of using DNA profiling for identification purposes?

It is very accurate.
It is quick and easy to do.
It is non-invasive.
It can be used on a variety of samples.

4. The police may use deadly force if __________.

they believe that the person they are chasing poses a threat to public safety
the person they are chasing has a weapon and is using it against them or others
they believe that the person they are chasing has committed a serious felony offense
all of the above

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Description

CRJS 6002 Course is an overview of research methods in criminal justice and criminology. The emphasis will be on the scientific method and its application to criminal justice research. Topics covered include: the relationship between theory and research; qualitative and quantitative research designs; hypothesis testing; ethical considerations in research; developing research proposals; data collection methods; and data analysis. Students will be expected to complete a research proposal during the CRJS 6002 Course of the semester.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Outline

This is the outline for CRJS 6002 Week 13, which covers the following topics:

• Overview of CRJS 6002 Week 13
• Research on Police and Courts
• Police
• Courts
• Research on Prisons and Jails
• Prisons and Jails
• Research on Probation and Parole
• Probation and Parole

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Objectives

In this final CRJS 6002 Course, students will be introduced to the components of a research proposal. Students will learn how to formulate research questions and hypotheses, as well as identify a variety of research methodologies. In addition, students will be able to select an appropriate statistical analysis for their proposed research. Finally, students will learn how to write a literature review and develop a research proposal.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Pre-requisites

(CRJS 6002)

CRJS 6010 – Program Planning, Management, and Evaluation (3 credits) (CRJS 6010) (CRJS 6010)

CRJS 6020 – Strategic Leadership in Criminal Justice (3 credits) (CRJS 6020) (CRJS 6020)

CRJS 6002 Course Description: This is a capstone CRJS 6002 Course that emphasizes the evaluation and management of criminal justice organizations. The CRJS 6002 Course will present students with the foundations of strategic planning and implementation, as well as provide students with opportunities to apply principles to real-world problem solving in their field. Students will be required to incorporate knowledge gained throughout the program. A critical component of CRJS 6002 Course is a Final Project that focuses on a specific area of interest or concern for an area of practice within criminal justice.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Duration

CRJS 6002 – Foundations of Graduate Study (3 credits) (CRJS 6002) is a three-credit CRJS 6002 Course that meets for one week.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Learning Outcomes

1. Understand the unique challenges associated with conducting research at the graduate level.

2. Develop a plan for conducting research at the graduate level.

3. Understand the importance of ethics in conducting research.

4. Understand the process of writing a research proposal.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Assessment & Grading

Week 13: Learning Outcomes and Assessment Rubric
In this final week of the CRJS 6002 Course, you will submit a 2–3-page paper (excluding title and reference pages) that explains how you plan to assess learning in your program. Your assessment plan should address all eight learning outcomes listed below. In addition, your plan must include two of the assessment tools/methods discussed in Chapter 8 of Foundations for Excellence: A Shared Responsibility for Learning. You may use any other reliable, valid assessment tool/method as well. Explain why each tool/method is appropriate for assessing each learning outcome and provide an overview of how you will implement each tool/method. For example, if you choose to administer an exit exam, describe the topics that will be covered on the exam and how you will determine whether students have met each learning outcome. Your paper must include a minimum of four scholarly resources (in addition to your textbook).

Learning Outcomes
1) Identify critical issues impacting higher education and the field of criminal justice in particular.
2) Define common terminology used in research and practice within criminal justice.
3) Analyze research studies using qualitative and quantitative methods.
4) Develop hypotheses based on a review of existing literature.
5) Select appropriate research designs and data collection methods based on the research questions under investigation.
6) Evaluate ethical considerations related to research with human subjects.
7) Write clearly and concisely about topics related to criminal justice using proper writing mechanics and APA style conventions.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Suggested Resources/Books

Visit the library’s website for the required textbook list and research databases.

The following resources are suggested:

 Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction by Frank Schmalleger (ISBN-13: 978-0133597095) or similar textbook on criminal justice.

 The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition (ISBN-13: 978-0226816388) or similar resource on writing style.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. Define exogenous and endogenous factors as they relate to organizational change.

Exogenous factors are external forces that drive organizational change, while endogenous factors are internal forces within the organization that contribute to change.

2. Discuss the role of managers in organizational change.

Managers play a pivotal role in organizational change by leading and guiding employees through the process of change. They also need to be able to effectively communicate the reasons for change and ensure that all employees are on board with the new changes.

3. Explain why some people resist change.

People may resist change for a variety of reasons, such as feeling comfortable with the status quo or being afraid of the unknown. Additionally, people may also resist change if they feel like they will not be able to adapt to the new changes or if they feel like the changes will not benefit them in any way.

4. Discuss how you would go about implementing a change in your organization.

There are a few steps that need to be taken when implementing a change in an organization. First, it is important to develop a clear and concise plan for the change. Second, managers need to communicate the plan to all employees and ensure that everyone is on board with the changes. Finally, it is important to monitor and evaluate the results of the change to ensure that it is having the desired effect.

5. What are some common pitfalls associated with organizational change?

Some common pitfalls associated with organizational change include resistance from employees, inadequate planning, and ineffective communication. Additionally, if changes are not properly monitored and evaluated, they may not have the desired effect and could even end up causing more harm than good.

6. What are some strategies you can use to overcome resistance to change?

Some strategies that can be used to overcome resistance to change include providing employees with a clear rationale for the changes, involving employees in the planning process, and offering training and support to help employees adapt to the new changes. Additionally, it is important to be patient and understanding when implementing changes, as it may take some time for employees to fully adjust.

7. Discuss how you would go about designing a training program for employees who will be affected by a change in your organization.

When designing a training program for employees who will be affected by a change in an organization, it is important to consider the goals of the training, the needs of the employees, and the available resources. Additionally, it is important to create a schedule for training that allows employees enough time to absorb the new information and practice using it before being expected to apply it in their work tasks. Finally, it is also important to provide follow-up support after training has been completed so that employees can continue to grow and develop in their new roles.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What are the most important lessons you have learned in this class?

2. How have your thinking and understanding changed as a result of taking this class?

3. What topics in the field of criminal justice were you particularly interested in and why?

4. How did this class contribute to your understanding of the American criminal justice system?

5. What insights into the operation of the criminal justice system did you gain from this class?

6. What do you think are the most important challenges facing the criminal justice system today?

7. What do you think are the most promising areas for reform in the criminal justice system?

8. What did you find to be the most valuable aspect of this class?

9. What did you find to be the least valuable aspect of this class?

10. How has this class affected your plans for your future career in criminal justice?

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. How did you like CRJS 6002 Course?

2. What did you learn in CRJS 6002 Course?

3. What were your favorite parts of CRJS 6002 Course?

4. What was your least favorite part of CRJS 6002 Course?

5. Would you recommend CRJS 6002 Course to a friend? Why or why not?

6. What grade would you give CRJS 6002 Course? Why?

7. How much time did you spend on CRJS 6002 Course outside of class?

8. Did you feel like the workload for CRJS 6002 Course was too much, just right, or not enough? Why?

9. Did you find the readings for CRJS 6002 Course interesting? Why or why not?

10. Did you feel like the assignments for CRJS 6002 Course were helpful in learning the material? Why or why not?

CRJS 6002 Week 13 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What are the three strikes laws?
2. What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?
3. What is the difference between a first degree and a second degree felony?
4. What are the elements of a crime?
5. What is mens rea?
6. What is actus reus?
7. What is causation?
8. What are the defenses to a criminal charge?
9. What is self-defense?
10. When is the use of deadly force justified?
11. What is negligence?
12. What is strict liability?
13. What is vicarious liability?
14. What is conspiracy?
15. What is attempt?
16. What is accessory after the fact?
17. What are the stages of a criminal case?
18. Who has the burden of proof in a criminal case?
19. Where do most criminal cases end up being decided?
20. How does sentencing work in the criminal justice system?

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. How does the victimization process work?

2. How do victims’ rights impact the criminal justice system?

3. What is the difference between a violent and a nonviolent crime?

4. What are some of the psychological effects of victimization?

5. What are some of the practical effects of victimization?

6. How can victims be empowered to take control of their lives after a crime?

7. What is restorative justice, and how can it help victims heal?

8. What are some of the unique challenges faced by child victims of crime?

9. What are some of the unique challenges faced by victims of sexual assault?

10. How can the criminal justice system better support victims of domestic violence?

CRJS 6002 Week 13 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between a general and a specific deterrence? Give an example of each.

2. What are some of the benefits of using deterrence theory in criminal justice?

3. What are some of the criticisms of deterrence theory?

4. How does the concept of specific deterrence differ from that of general deterrence?

5. How can specific deterrence be used in criminal justice?

6. What are some of the criticisms of using specific deterrence in criminal justice?

7. How does the concept of general deterrence differ from that of specific deterrence?

8. How can general deterrence be used in criminal justice?

9. What are some of the criticisms of using general deterrence in criminal justice?

10. What is the difference between primary and secondary prevention? Give an example of each.

CRJS 6002 Week 13 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1 5 / 5 pts

Which of the following is not a common attribute of qualitative research?

A. Inductive and deductive reasoning

B. Theorizing and hypothesis testing

C. Aiding in the formulation of policies and practice guidelines

D. Dispassionate objective analysis of findings

E. Providing an in-depth understanding of human behavior, thought, and emotions Question 2 5 / 5 pts In recent years, the use of the term stakeholder has increased rapidly within scholarly literature on organizational behavior. Stakeholders can be individuals or groups with an interest in a firm’s activities or policies that may affect them positively or negatively (Newell & Swan, 2015). This definition suggests that stakeholders are external to organizations, but internal stakeholders also exist. For example, employees are often considered as internal stakeholders in organizational decision making processes because they are affected by changes in organizational policies. Newell and Swan (2015) contend that stakeholder engagement is an important part of modern business practices and should be considered as an integral component when designing business strategies for organizations. Based on this information provided about the concept of stakeholder engagement, which statement below is most accurate? Stakeholder engagement: Is not necessary for developing effective business strategies for organizations All stakeholders are always interested in engaging with organizations Must be conducted by organizations only during times when stakeholders are actively interested in having their voices heard Should not be considered a priority for organizations if they want to compete globally Question 3 5 / 5 pts Which type of research design would you use if you were investigating “the factors associated with social media communication among married couples”? Experiment Case study Survey Correlational Ethnography Question 4 0 / 5 pts Research methods play a vital role in inquiry processes. Data collection techniques help researchers understand how to collect evidence related to their research problem and question(s). There are three types of data collection techniques: Qualitative Quantitative Secondary data collection Primary data collection Experimental data collection Question 5 0 / 5 pts In qualitative research studies, what does “credibility” refer to? Researchers’ ability to provide convincing evidence that is useful for interpreting findings Your ability to explain your research question clearly at all stages of the inquiry process The generalizability/transferability of your findings from one context to another Your ability to accurately describe what happened during your study by minimizing biases Researchers’ abilities to accurately report their interpretations about what was observed Question 6 0 / 5 pts The key purpose for conducting empirical research is: To obtain an understanding about particular phenomena through systematic observation To provide solutions or recommendations based on observed phenomena To provide explanations about observed phenomena based on observations obtained through inductive reasoning To provide explanations about observed phenomena based on observations obtained through deductive reasoning To obtain an understanding about particular phenomena through systematic observation and explanation Question 7 0 / 5 pts Researchers must select specific experimental treatments that will be manipulated or tested independently during experimental studies, which can have positive implications for theory building efforts within scientific communities. These independent variables serve as “causal agents” (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008). If a researcher believes that watching violent television programming may lead young children toward aggressive behavior patterns later in life, then watching violent television programming would be classified as: An intervening variable A confounding variable A dependent variable An independent variable An extraneous variable Question 8 0 / 5 pts Using a focus group as a method for collecting primary data can have both advantages and disadvantages compared to other methods such as surveys or interviews (Delamont & Atkinson, 2005; Flick & Sanders 2010). Which one of the following advantages does focus group methodology offer researchers? Focus groups allow researchers access to large numbers of respondents simultaneously Focus groups allow researchers access to respondents from diverse cultural backgrounds Focus groups allow researchers more control over who participates than other research methods Focus groups allow researchers access to respondents who might otherwise be difficult to locate Focus groups allow researchers access to respondents across different geographical areas Question 9 0 / 5 pts A researcher who wants to study attitudes toward same-sex marriage could randomly select people from grocery stores throughout his home state in order to determine whether public attitudes have changed over time. This is best described by which type of sampling method? Probability sampling Convenience sampling Purposive sampling Snowball sampling Random sampling Question 10 0 / 5 pts When designing quantitative research studies, it is important for researchers: To ask both closed-ended questions and open-ended questions To establish clear goals regarding what they hope to accomplish prior to conducting fieldwork To conduct secondary data analysis before conducting fieldwork None of the above All of the above Question 11 0 / 5 pts Inferential statistics are used primarily when performing quantitative research studies because they: Allow you find out whether there is any meaningful relationship between two variables Can help you predict future events based on past observations Can help you test hypotheses Provide explanations about relationships between variables Allow you find out whether there is any meaningful relationship between two variables AND can help you test hypotheses Question 12 0 / 5 pts When conducting empirical inquiry according to a scientific approach, which step comes first? Collecting observational evidence Performing statistical analyses Formulating explanatory theories Focusing your inquiry on a specific phenomenon Developing hypotheses regarding potential causal relationships between different variables OR Formulating explanatory theories regarding potential causal relationships between different variables Question 13 0 / 5 pts Observation involves recording events without interfering with them; however, it can still be challenging for observers due to several issues such as observer effects (e.g., observers may inadvertently alter participants’ behavior simply because they know they are being watched), participant reactivity (e.g., participants may behave differently than usual when being observed), demand characteristics (e.g., participants may attempt change their behavior based upon what they think the observer expects), confounding variables (e.g., observers cannot control all extraneous factors affecting participants’ behavior), validity threats (e.g., poor observer memory) etc. Which statement below best captures these challenges associated with conducting observational research studies? Coding errors often occur while coding observational data making it difficult for scientists interpret findings Observers frequently encounter problems while trying identify contextual cues relevant experimental settings Observers must choose randomly from list observation types before conducting fieldwork Participant reactivity often creates issues relating validity reliability observational results Observers frequently encounter problems while trying identify contextual cues relevant experimental settings AND participant reactivity often creates issues relating validity reliability observational results Question 14 0 / 5 pts Researchers need appropriate tools/instruments that will enable them collect reliable valid evidence related their study Designing good tools instruments requires identifying operationalizing constructs operationalizing constructs means establishing operational definitions operational definitions establish exactly what each concept under study means operational definitions helpful when measuring concepts operationalizing constructs means establishing operational definitions operational definitions establish exactly what each concept under study means AND operational definitions helpful when measuring concepts operationalizing constructs means establishing operational definitions operational definitions establish exactly what each concept under study means OR operational definitions helpful when measuring concepts Question 15 0 / 5 pts In recent years people have begun using terms like “nudge theory” think critically about effectiveness behavioral interventions government agencies policy makers businesses schools Nudge theory approaches typically involve targeting individual choice architecture changing default settings individuals make choices creating incentives changing environmental cues changing rules procedures Nudge theory approaches typically involve targeting individual choice architecture AND creating incentives Nudge theory approaches typically involve targeting individual choice architecture AND changing environmental cues Nudge theory approaches typically involve targeting individual choice architecture AND changing rules procedures Nudge theory approaches typically involve targeting individual choice architecture OR creating incentives Nudge theory approaches typically involve targeting individual choice architecture OR changing environmental cues Nudge theory approaches typically involve targeting individual choice architecture OR changing rules procedures Question 16 0 / 5 pts According qualitative science perspective humans highly rational creatures humans make logical decisions People usually gather information assess options make decisions based upon benefits costs consequences People usually gather information assess options make decisions based upon benefits costs consequences INSTEAD gathering information assessing options making decisions based upon benefits costs consequences Gathering information assessing options making decisions based upon benefits costs consequences INSTEAD people usually gather information assess options make decisions based upon benefits costs consequences People usually gather information assess options make decisions based upon benefits costs consequences INSTEAD humans highly rational creatures Humans highly rational creatures INSTEAD humans highly emotional creatures People usually gather information assess options make decisions based upon benefits costs consequences INSTEAD gathering information assessing options making decisions based upon benefits costs consequences Gathering information assessing options making decisions based upon benefits costs consequences INSTEAD people usually gather information assess options make decisions based upon benefits costs consequences People usually gather information assess options make decisions based upon benefits costs consequences INSTEAD humans highly emotional creatures Humans highly emotional creatures INSTEAD humans highly rational creatures People usually gather information assess options make decisions based upon benefits costs consequences INSTEAD gathering information assessing options making decisions based upon benefits costs consequences Gathering information assessing options making decisions based upon benefits costs consequences INSTEAD gathering information assessing options making decisions based upon perceived risks vs rewards Human emotionality affects decision making processes Decision makers tend weigh losses losses much heavier gains gains gains losses losses tend lead risk avoidance behaviors gains losses gains losses tend lead risk avoidance behaviors INSTEAD decision makers tend weigh losses losses much heavier gains gains gain Risk aversion instinct helps people live long lives risk aversion instinct helps people avoid potentially harmful situations People don engage risky behaviors situations because these activities behaviors generally harmful expensive risky less likely result successful outcomes Situations where engaging risky behaviors likely result negative outcomes called gambles gamble type game chance situation gambling game wager amount money gamble amount money depends largely probability success family fun night gambling casino roulette wheel spinning Roulette wheel spinning situational example probability calculated formula After ball lands black number calculated odds black number spinning wheel Roulette wheel spinning situational example probability calculated formula After ball lands black number calculated odds black number spinning wheel AFTER ball lands black number BACKWARDS calculated odds black number spinning wheel Roulette wheel spinning situational example probability calculated formula BEFORE ball lands black number AFTER ball lands black number BACKWARDS calculated odds black number spinning wheel BEFORE ball lands black number AFTER ball lands red number BACKWARDS calculated odds red number spinning wheel AFTER ball lands red number BACKWARDS calculated odds red number spinning wheel Financial incentives beneficial motivating effects financial incentive tends improve performance incentive pay raise bonus incentive linked goal performance working harder earning commission incentive linked task completion getting assignment completed finishing task early Because financial incentives linked goals tasks individuals better able achieve goals tasks reach goals tasks earlier Incentives structure organize motivation types pay raise bonus incentive higher quality work faster work increased productivity working harder working faster earning commission incentive greater efficiency completing task earlier finishing task early Because incentives linked goals tasks individuals better able achieve goals tasks reach goals tasks earlier What kinds financial rewards experiences encourage worker productivity bonuses commissions monetary prizes experiences winning lottery prize vacation trip visit loved ones Because incentives linked goals tasks individuals better able achieve goals tasks reach goals tasks earlier Charles Darwin Charles Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important scientific thinker evolution major contributor development scientific disciplines Charles Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important scientific thinker evolution major contributor development scientific disciplines BECAUSE Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important scientific thinker evolution major contributor development scientific disciplines Charles Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important scientific thinker evolution major contributor development scientific disciplines BUT Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important scientific thinker evolution major contributor development political platforms Charles Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important scientific thinker evolutionary biologist BECAUSE Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important scientific thinker evolutionary biologist Charles Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important scientific thinker evolutionary biologist BUT Darwin English naturalist well known creation evolution important political figure Charles Darwin English naturalist well known creation revolution important political figure BECAUSE Darwin English naturalist well known creation revolution important political figure Charles Darwin English naturalist well known creation revolution important political figure BUT Darwin English naturalist well known creation revolution important historical figure Charles Darwin Charles Darwin BECAUSE everyone born into world inherits DNA characteristics allows survive adapt While many different biological psychological factors affect human behavior scientists believe genetics play role determinism heritability heredity intelligence traits While many different biological psychological factors affect human behavior scientists believe genetics play role determinism heritability heredity intelligence traits BECAUSE scientists believe genetics play role determinism heritability heredity intelligence traits While many different biological psychological factors affect human behavior scientists believe genetics play role determinism heritability heredity intelligence traits WHILE many different biological psychological factors affect human behavior scientists believe genetics play role determinism heritability heredity intelligence traits While many different biological psychological factors affect human behavior scientists believe genetics play role determinism heritability heredity intelligence traits BECAUSE genetics provides framework blueprint organisms inherit parents grandparents While many different biological psychological factors affect human behavior scientists believe genetics play role determinism heritability heredity intelligence traits GENES pass genetic code down generations precise instructions explain features appearance organisms genomes genomes composed genes chromosomes chromosomes store instructions build maintain organisms DNA DNA molecule stores instructions genetic code chromosome molecules arrange themselves into double helix structure double helix structure shape resembles twisted ladder rungs ladders DNA double helix structure contains instructions needed construct maintain organism organism physical characteristics genetically determined phenotype phenotype physical appearance characteristics organism Genotype genotype genetic makeup DNA defined set instructions codes specific characteristics organisms Genotype genotype refers genetic makeup organism phenotype phenotype refers physical appearance characteristics organism phenotype physical appearance characteristics organism physical appearance characteristics genetically determined genotype genotype refers genetic makeup organism Genes pass genetic code down generations precise instructions explain features appearance organisms genomes genomes composed genes chromosomes chromosomes store instructions build maintain organisms DNA DNA molecule stores instructions genetic code chromosome molecules arrange themselves into double helix structure double helix structure shape resembles twisted ladder rungs ladders DNA double helix structure contains instructions needed construct maintain organism Organisms inherit pair homologous chromosomes gametes gametes sex cells sperm eggs sperm eggs fertilize egg fertilized egg contains46 chromosomes 23 parent 1 23 parent 2 fertilization process divides gametes combine chromosomal material diploid cell diploid cell cell 23 pairs chromosomes father mother haploid cell haploid cell one set unpaired chromosome monosomy monosomy single copy chromosome trisomy trisomy third copy chromosome triploidy triploidy third set unpaired chromosomes tetraploidy tetraploidy four sets unpaired chromosomes Karyotype karyotype image showing overall chromosomal composition cell XXXY XXYY XYY klinefelter syndromeTurner syndrome Patau syndrome Edward syndrome Klinefelter syndrome male disorder characterized abnormal extra sex chromosome 47XXY XXYY XYY klinefelter syndromeTurner syndrome Patau syndrome Edward syndrome Turner syndrome female disorder characterized abnormal missing sex chromosome 45XX 46XX 45X0 Edwards syndrome male disorder characterized abnormal missing sex chromosome 45XX 46XY 45X0 Patau syndrome male disorder characterized abnormal missing sex chromosome 45XX 46XY 47X0 Edward syndrome female disorder characterized abnormal missing sex chromosome 45XX 46XX 47XX

CRJS 6002 Week 13 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1) Which of the following is not a difference between probation and parole?

a) Probation is a court-ordered form of community supervision. Parole is a decision by a parole board to grant an offender release from prison.

b) Probation is imposed as a part of a sentence after conviction. Parole is granted to an offender who has served part of his or her sentence in prison.

c) Probation is an opportunity for an offender to avoid incarceration. Parole is an opportunity for an offender to return to society after incarceration.

d) Probation is revocation of freedom after conviction by a judge. Parole is restoration of freedom after imprisonment by a parole board.

2) The community corrections field has been criticized for all of the following except:

a) Inadequate funding.

b) Lack of accountability.

c) Limited programming options.

d) High recidivism rates.

In Foundations of Graduate Study, students explore professional and academic resources to help them succeed in their studies and careers. Through readings, discussions, and individual and group assignments, students learn how to develop research proposals, prepare literature reviews, write research papers, give presentations, and use library resources. Students also learn about various professional organizations and journals in the field of criminal justice.

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