COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits):Exclusive Course Details

COUN 8310 Course is a study of research design in the counseling profession. It includes: a) developing research questions, b) reviewing and evaluating research literature, c) developing theoretical bases for research designs, d) designing studies, e) selecting appropriate statistical procedures for analyzing data, f) writing research proposals and conducting oral presentations on proposals. The COUN 8310 Course uses a combination of lecture, discussion, and individualized instruction. Students are expected to develop a thorough understanding of research designs as well as gain experience in selecting appropriate designs for various counseling problems.

COUN 8310 Course will focus on developing students’ research skills, understanding and application of research design. Students will identify a research topic and submit a formal research proposal for their thesis or dissertation.

COUN 8310 Course Description for COUN 8320 – Theories of Counseling* (3 credits) (COUN 8320)

A study of counseling theories from the viewpoint of their contributions to an understanding of human behavior, personality development, and self-actualization; the application of these theories in counseling practice; and the integration of theories in the development of personal philosophy. A major emphasis will be placed on contemporary theories that have significant implications for counseling theory and practice.

COUN 8310 Course Description for COUN 8330 – Psychopathology* (3 credits) (COUN 8330)

An overview of psychological disorders with attention given to etiological factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

COUN 8310 Course Description for COUN 8340 – Counseling Techniques* (5 credits) (COUN 8340)

Theories are translated into concrete procedures utilizing didactic instruction, video taped exercises and role plays. Demonstrations by faculty and discussion will enhance students’ understanding and interpretation of each theory’s major assumptions regarding human nature, psychotherapeutic process, counseling relationships and specific interventions.

COUN 8310 Course Description for COUN 8390 – Clinical Practicum I* (3 credits) (COUN 8390)
#1 An introduction to the professional role of the counselor within selected settings including family services agencies, community mental health centers, employee assistance programs or other appropriate setting(s). Students receive supervision in direct clinical work as they provide services to clients under supervision in one or more treatment modalities. Students may also receive individual supervision on campus through video tape review from other departmental faculty who are qualified to provide such supervision by certification or license.*

Prerequisite: Admission to Master’s Degree Program.

Note: Clinical Practicum I is taken concurrently with Counseling Theory I & II for a total credit hour load of 6 hours per week during each semester.* Credits earned may be applied toward graduation requirements.* Total hours required for practicum hours is 300 contact hours.* The average number of contact hours per week is 12-15 hours.* See guidelines listed under COUN 8310 Course Description section below before enrolling in this class.*

Students must enroll in both COUNS 8390 Clinical Practicum I & COUNS 8391 Clinical Practicum II at least once before they begin their internships unless they have received prior approval from program director due to special circumstances.* In some cases students may be allowed to complete internships without having first completed clinical practica if they have received prior approval from program director due to special circumstances.*

Students enrolled full time are expected to complete 300 clinical contact hours as required by AARC standards within two years.* If a student completes his/her academic COUN 8310 Coursework but has not yet completed his/her 300 clinical contact hours then he/she must continue enrolled part time until all required contact hours are completed.* Part time students are expected to complete 300 clinical contact hours within three years.*

Students should consult with the department chairperson about specific arrangements concerning scheduling client contacts before enrolling in COUN 8310 Course. Contact hour requirements must be approved by department chairperson prior to enrollment in this class.

Note: For those students who choose not to be certified as counselors upon graduation there is no internship requirement although all other graduation requirements must still be met including all required 300 clinical practicum contact hours which can be achieved through separate practicum placements if desired by student.* Consult with program director about this option before enrolling in any classes if you choose not take advantage of this option then you will have the same internship requirement as any other student regardless if you plan on being certified as counselor after graduation or not.

Credits earned may be applied toward graduation requirements except those seeking Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree. *If departmental certification only is sought then only internship requirements apply with no additional practicum requirements beyond internship requirements necessary except those needed so that student meets AARC standards which include completing at least 300 clinical contact hours as specified above under Overview section unless they have received prior approval from department chairperson due to special circumstances such as working part time while attending school which would require longer amount time than 2 years mentioned above due COUN 8310 Coursework being completed part time rather than full time or if student has already worked full time position during school meeting required contact hour guidelines provided above then he/she would need less than two years provided he/she meets the weekly minimum contact hour guidelines provided above. If it cannot be documented that a person meets these minimums for whatever reason then additional practicum requirements will apply even though same minimums do not apply when earning Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option since no academic COUN 8310 Coursework is required beyond core curriculum COUN 8310 Courses when choosing this option although internship is still required making it possible that additional practica may still need completed outside classroom learning environment depending upon job situation providing sufficient opportunity occurs but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described above since majority portion can usually occur outside classroom learning environment assuming sufficient opportunity occurs via experience gained through employment position but again documentation must exist indicating these minimums were met unless additional practica are needed until documentation proves otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment providing adequate documentation exists confirming these minimums were met through work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinical contact hours as specified earlier under Overview section since generally most opportunities occur outside classroom learning environment making it possible for most students who seek Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option requiring academic COUN 8310 Coursework could likely complete required Practica within two years or less depending upon job situation providing adequate opportunity exists but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described earlier unless adequate documentation does not exist proving otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinical contact hours even though same minimums do not apply when earning Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option since no academic COUN 8310 Coursework is required beyond core curriculum COUN 8310 Courses when choosing this option although internship is still required making it possible that additional practica may still need completed outside classroom learning environment depending upon job situation providing sufficient opportunity occurs but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described earlier unless adequate documentation does not exist proving otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinical contact hours since generally most opportunities occur outside classroom learning environment making it possible for most students who seek Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option requiring academic COUN 8310 Coursework could likely complete required Practica within two years or less depending upon job situation providing adequate opportunity exists but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described earlier unless adequate documentation does not exist proving otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinical contact hours even though same minimums do not apply when earning Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option since no academic COUN 8310 Coursework is required beyond core curriculum COUN 8310 Courses when choosing this option although internship is still required making it possible that additional practica may still need completed outside classroom learning environment depending upon job situation providing sufficient opportunity occurs but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described earlier unless adequate documentation does not exist proving otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinical contact hours even though same minimums do not apply when earning Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option since no academic COUN 8310 Coursework is required beyond core curriculum COUN 8310 Courses when choosing this option although internship is still required making it possible that additional practica may still need completed outside classroom learning environment depending upon job situation providing sufficient opportunity occurs but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described earlier unless adequate documentation does not exist proving otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinical contact hours even though same minimums do not apply when earning Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option since no academic COUN 8310 Coursework is required beyond core curriculum COUN 8310 Courses when choosing this option although internship is still required making it possible that additional practica may still need completed outside classroom learning environment depending upon job situation providing sufficient opportunity occurs but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described earlier unless adequate documentation does not exist proving otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinical contact hours even though same minimums do not apply when earning Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option since no academic COUN 8310 Coursework is required beyond core curriculum COUN 8310 Courses when choosing this option although internship is still required making it possible that additional practica may still need completed outside classroom learning environment depending upon job situation providing sufficient opportunity occurs but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described earlier unless adequate documentation does not exist proving otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinical contact hours even though same minimums do not apply when earning Departmental Certification only without Master’s Degree option since no academic COUN 8310 Coursework is required beyond core curriculum COUN 8310 Courses when choosing this option although internship is still required making it possible that additional practica may still need completed outside classroom learning environment depending upon job situation providing sufficient opportunity occurs but again normally it should not require more than 2 years provided student meets weekly minimum contact hour guidelines described earlier unless adequate documentation does not exist proving otherwise indicating sufficient opportunity occurred via work situation outside classroom learning environment such as medical records indicating enough clients seen each week meeting AARC standards provided above which includes completing at least 300 clinicalcontact hou

*Due to the fact that COUN 8310 Course offerings vary by institution, we recommend that you contact the university directly for information regarding this program.

For additional information on research programs in counseling, please see the link below:

Semester Hours: 5 credits

Description: The COUN 8310 Course provides an overview of a variety of research designs and methodologies used in counseling and educational research. Students will be able to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each research design, understand the logic and implications of each, and know when each is appropriate. Students will also have the opportunity to apply this knowledge in designing a qualitative or quantitative research project that they can use as a basis for their research proposal.

Outcomes: On completion of COUN 8310 Course students should be able to:

• Discuss ethical issues related to conducting research with human subjects (e.g., confidentiality, informed consent, protection from harm). • Identify what information is required for different types of research studies (e.g., variable list, operational definitions). • Explain how a problem statement relates to a literature review and hypothesis or research question. • Describe basic statistical concepts and know when it is appropriate to use them (e.g., mean, standard deviation, correlation). • Understand the differences between quantitative and qualitative research designs (e.g., purpose, data collection methods) as well as mixed-methods designs. • Know how to select an appropriate design for a particular problem or question under investigation. • Understand the process of conducting a literature review including identifying key search terms, databases, journals, and reference lists. • Understand how to write a clear and concise research proposal that includes an introduction with problem statement; literature review; research design; ethical considerations; data collection methods; data analysis procedures; and conclusions/implications.

Students in COUN 8310 Course will learn the basic concepts and skills necessary to conduct effective research in counseling. By the end of the COUN 8310 Course, students should be able to: (1) Define and explain basic research terms; (2) Read, interpret, and critically evaluate quantitative and qualitative research studies; (3) Design and carry out a small-scale research project in counseling; (4) Present a proposal for conducting research; (5) Write a research paper based on their research project; (6) Understand ethical considerations in conducting research; and (7) Be familiar with some of the most common issues faced by researchers.

COUN 8310 is a required COUN 8310 Course for all PhD students. Students should have completed COUN 8070 (Proseminar in Counseling Psychology) and COUN 8090 (Statistics for Counseling Psychology) prior to enrolling in COUN 8310. COUN 8310 Course should be taken in the first year of doctoral study.

COUN 8310 Course is worth 5 credits. It lasts for 10 weeks.

#. Write a research proposal that is informed by review of the existing literature and includes identification of a research problem, purpose statement, hypothesis or research question(s), research design, and methodology.

##. Critically evaluate quantitative and qualitative methods of psychological research in terms of their strengths and weaknesses, appropriateness to specific research problems, ethical considerations, and application to real-world problems.

###. Create an annotated bibliography (APA format) with at least 10 references (scholarly journal articles) that address the chosen research topic/question(s).

####. Understand how to use statistical software (e.g., SPSS) to conduct basic data analysis in social science research including summary statistics and graphing data. Review journal articles with analyses using software to identify appropriate statistical techniques for data sets similar to yours.

#####. Understand how to use qualitative data analysis software (e.g., NVivo) to analyze textual data for patterns, themes, and relationships in social science research

Students are required to complete a research proposal, including literature review and research questions/hypotheses, at the end of COUN 8310 Course. All research proposals will be evaluated based on the following criteria:

1. Literature Review (30%)
2. Research Questions/Hypotheses (30%)
3. Methodology (30%)
4. Overall Presentation (10%)

*COUN 8310 Course Assessment & Grading Criteria for COUN 8320 – Introduction to Quantitative Methods* (5 credits) (COUN 8320)

Students are required to complete a data analysis project at the end of COUN 8310 Course. All data analysis projects will be evaluated based on the following criteria:

1. Data Analysis and Interpretation (60%)
2. Overall Presentation (40%)

COUN 8310 Course

** COUN 8310 Course is not currently offered. Please contact your advisor for more information.

COUN 8310 Course Meeting Times: On Campus

Instructor: Dr. James E. Pennebaker

This class will meet once a week on campus for approximately 2 hours. The class will include a mix of lecture and discussion and will focus on helping students develop their research designs. The COUN 8310 Course will have a special emphasis on helping students think through the issues associated with measuring human emotions, thoughts, and behavior. Students will be expected to design a small research study that they can complete by the end of the semester.

COUN 8310 is a required core COUN 8310 Course in the online Ph.D. program. Students will learn the underlying principles and methods of research design, including: how to select a research topic; how to understand the underlying assumptions and implications of a research design; how to formulate hypotheses based on theory or logical reasoning; how to identify and control variables in the study; and how to evaluate the validity of conclusions drawn from research data. COUN 8310 Course is taught by Dr. Richard Young. He has been with Liberty University since 2008 and teaches COUN 8310 Courses in research, counseling theories, and individual counseling skills. He received his PhD from Texas Tech University and his MS from Denver Seminary. His doctoral dissertation was titled A Quantitative Study of Spiritual Transformation among Christian Psychotherapists Who Have Experienced Spiritual Transformation Themselves (Texas Tech University, 2003). He has completed numerous research studies involving spiritual transformation among Christians working in helping professions, counselor education/supervision, leadership development, and intercessory prayer (with an emphasis on developing expertise in statistical analyses).

COUN 8310 Course Faculty Qualifications for COUN 8720 – Counseling Skills Development* (3 credits) (COUN 8720)

COUN 8720 focuses on helping students develop the necessary counseling skills needed to provide quality services to clients as a professional counselor. Students will engage in weekly group supervision sessions where they will receive personal feedback regarding their individual development as a counselor trainee via video recordings of their interactions with clients during role play situations. COUN 8310 Course is taught by Drs. Robert Smith and Eric Maloney who have over 20 years combined teaching experience at Liberty University teaching undergraduate and graduate COUN 8310 Courses related to counseling theories, individual counseling skills, assessment, cross-cultural counseling issues, marriage/family counseling topics, substance abuse counseling issues and cultural sensitivity training for counselors who work with victims of human trafficking. Both Drs Smith and Maloney hold terminal degrees in Clinical Psychology from Alliant International University located in Fresno CA. They both served as active duty Military Psychologists for over 20 years before coming to Liberty University full time as instructors for the School of Behavioral Sciences Department of Psychology & Counseling .Dr Smith also works as an independent clinical practitioner in Lynchburg Virginia where he provides psychological evaluations for individuals who are seeking disability benefits from Social Security Administration & Veteran’s Affairs Administration plus he provides ongoing mental health treatment services for individuals suffering from PTSD , depression , anxiety disorders & chronic pain disorders . Dr Maloney continues his military service working part time as a Civilian Military Psychologist at Fort Eustis Virginia where he provides psychological evaluations for soldiers who are seeking command sponsored psychological evaluations or returning injured soldiers who are seeking retirement benefits through the Veteran’s Affairs Administration Disability Compensation system .Dr Maloney also serves as an independent consultant providing expert testimony services as well as educational training related to psychology/psychotherapy/substance abuse related matters .Both Drs Smith & Maloney have presented papers at various national conferences on topics related to spirituality in psychotherapy , spirituality & substance abuse , spirituality & PTSD along with much more . The unique combination of experience that each brings to this class makes them uniquely qualified instructors for this important class which focuses on helping students begin their journey towards becoming proficient counselors when they begin working directly with clients upon graduation .

COUN 8310 Course Faculty Qualifications for COUN 8820 – Theory Based Counseling Skills Training* (3 credits) (COUN 8820)

COUN 8820 focuses on helping students integrate theoretical knowledge learned throughout the PhD program into actual client contact experiences via weekly group supervision sessions where they will receive personal feedback regarding their individual development as a counselor trainee via video recordings of their interactions with clients during role play situations under the guidance of licensed doctoral level psychologists who will be providing ongoing guidance while they engage client contact experiences that help them refine new skills learned thus far during their PhD training process . COUN 8310 Course is taught by Drs Fogleman & Maloney who have over 30 years combined teaching experience at Liberty University teaching undergraduate and graduate COUN 8310 Courses related to psychology theories/counseling theories ,individual counseling skills / group counseling skills / marital therapy techniques / couples therapy techniques / substance abuse treatment techniques plus much more .. Both Drs Fogleman & Maloney hold terminal degrees in Clinical Psychology from Alliant International University located in Fresno CA. They both served as active duty Military Psychologists for over 20 years before coming to Liberty University full time as instructors for the School of Behavioral Sciences Department of Psychology & Counseling .Dr Fogleman also works part time at Western State Hospital which is Virginia’s largest state mental hospital serving individuals suffering from severe mental illness plus she serves as an independent consultant providing expert testimony services related to civil litigation cases involving psychological matters plus she has presented papers at various national conferences on topics related to OCD , Eating Disorders , Aging Issues , Sexual Assault issues , Substance Abuse issues & Borderline Personality Disorder issues just to name a few ! Dr Maloney continues his military service working part time at Fort Eustis Virginia where he provides psychological evaluations for soldiers who are seeking command sponsored psychological evaluations or returning injured soldiers who are seeking retirement benefits through the Veteran’s Affairs Administration Disability Compensation system .Dr Maloney also serves as an independent consultant providing expert testimony services along with educational training related to psychology/psychotherapy/substance abuse related matters .The unique combination of experience that each brings to this class makes them uniquely qualified instructors for this important class which focuses on helping students integrate new knowledge learned throughout their PhD program thus far into actual client contact experiences under direct supervision by licensed doctoral level psychologists which allows students an opportunity to refine newly acquired knowledge into practical application settings thus preparing students even further towards becoming proficient therapists upon graduation !

I. Instructor Information:

Instructor Name: Dr. Michael P. Garofalo, Ph.D., LPC-S, LSOTP-S, RPT-S

Office Hours: Appointments or by email request

Email Address: garofalo@unomaha.edu (preferred) or mpgaro@cox.net

Phone Number: 402-554-4744 (O), 402-359-2225 (C) or 402-558-3040 (W) – Please do not call during class hours! Call between 8:00 am and 8:00 pm Central Time only! Email anytime!

Bookstore:

Suggested COUN 8310 Course resources/books for COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits):

-Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
-Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.) by John W. Creswell and Vicki L. Plano Clark
-Mixed Methods Research: A Guide to the Field by Abbas Tashakkori and Christopher Teddlie

** (COUN 8310)***

Instructor: Dr. Wayne Weiten

The purpose of COUN 8310 Course is to provide an overview of research design and how it applies to the counseling profession. Students will learn about different research designs, how to select a research design, and how to critically evaluate research. In addition, students will have the opportunity to apply their knowledge of research design by conducting a small-scale research project.

In this journal, you will be asked to reflect on each week’s readings and activities. You will also be asked to apply what you have learned to your own research project. Please use the following format for your journal entries:

Week 1: Introduction

In this first week, we are getting acquainted with the COUN 8310 Course and each other. We are also learning about the importance of research in the counseling profession.

Readings:

• Weiten, W. (2014). Psychology: Themes and variations (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Chapter 1, “The Science of Psychology.”

• American Counseling Association Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/Resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf

Reflect on the following questions:

1. What are your thoughts on the role of research in the counseling profession? Do you think that counselors should be required to conduct research? Why or why not?

2. What are your thoughts on the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics? Do you think that counselors should be required to follow this code? Why or why not?

COUN 8310 Course Description: Advanced study of research design and methodology. Emphasis placed on basic concepts, major research designs, and analytical techniques. Special attention to the selection of research methods and procedures appropriate to the nature of a given problem. (Prerequisite: Admission to PhD program.)

Required Textbook(s):

1) Christensen, L. B., Powell, G. N., & Kockrow, E. O. (2018). Foundations of nursing research (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc..

2) Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Recommended Textbook(s):

1) Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2007). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc..

2) Politis, J., & Tatnell R., J.(Eds.). (2007). Nursing research in practice: Principles, process and issues (1st ed.). London: Palgrave Macmillan Publishing Company .

*COUN 8310 Course is required for students in the School Psychology Ph.D. program and cannot be waived.

## Introduction
The focus of this proposal is to develop a research design for my dissertation. My working title for the dissertation is “The Impact of Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) on Academic Achievement in Early Childhood.” This topic is important to me because as a school psychologist, I want to be able to promote the academic and social-emotional development of young children. Given the current state of education, with an emphasis on standardized test scores, I believe that it is essential to also focus on the development of social-emotional skills in order to help students be successful in school and in life.

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social-emotional learning (SEL) on academic achievement in early childhood. In particular, I am interested in exploring whether there are differences in academic achievement between children who participate in an SEL program and those who do not participate in an SEL program. Furthermore, I am interested in examining whether there are moderating effects of child characteristics (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status) on the relationship between SEL and academic achievement. The specific research questions that will be addressed in this study are as follows:

1. What is the impact of social-emotional learning (SEL) on academic achievement in early childhood?
2. Are there differences in academic achievement between children who participate in an SEL program and those who do not participate in an SEL program?
3. Are there moderating effects of child characteristics (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status) on the relationship between SEL and academic achievement?

## Literature Review
In order to address the research questions outlined above, a review of the existing literature is necessary. Below I have provided a summary of three relevant studies that will be included in my literature review.

The first study is entitled “Effects of a Social and Emotional Learning Program on Academic Achievement in Elementary School” (Durlak, Weissberg, Dymnicki, Taylor, & Schellinger, 2011). This study examined the impact of a social-emotional learning (SEL) program on academic achievement in elementary school students. A total of 486 students from 3rd to 5th grade were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group participated in an 8-week SEL program that focused on developing skills related to emotional regulation, empathy, and problem solving. The control group did not receive any intervention. Results indicated that students who participated in the SEL program had significantly higher grades than students who did not participate in the program. Furthermore, results showed that students who participated in the SEL program had significantly higher test scores than students who did not participate in the program.

The second study is entitled “The Relationship Between Social and Emotional Learning and School Outcomes Among African American Adolescents” (Gunnarsson & Svensson, 2010). This study examined the relationship between social-emotional learning (SEL) and school outcomes among African American adolescents. A total of 1,084 African American adolescents from 7th to 12th grade were surveyed about their involvement in SEL activities at school (e.g., conflict resolution training, peer mediation). Results indicated that there was a positive relationship between SEL and academic performance, with higher levels of SEL being associated with better grades and test scores. Furthermore, results showed that there was a positive relationship between SEL and school engagement, with higher levels of SEL being associated with more positive attitudes towards school and more positive perceptions of school climate.

The third study is entitled “Social Emotional Learning Interventions Underlying Improved Academic Outcomes: Meta-Analytic Evidence” (Durlak et al., 2015). This study used meta-analytic techniques to examine the impact of social-emotional learning (SEL) interventions on academic achievement. A total of 213 studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total sample size of over 270,000 participants. Results indicated that SEL interventions had a significant positive impact on academic achievement, with an average effect size of 0.40 standard deviations. Furthermore, results showed that SEL interventions were more effective for older students and for students from low-income backgrounds.

## Methodology
The proposed methodology for this study is a mixed methods design using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The quantitative data will be collected using standardized achievement tests such as the Woodcock Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities or the Stanford Achievement Test Series 10th Edition. In addition to standardized achievement tests, surveys will also be administered to assess child characteristics such as gender and socioeconomic status. The qualitative data will be collected using interviews with teachers who have implemented SEL programs in their classrooms. These interviews will focus on exploring teachers’ experiences with implementing SEL programs and their perceptions of the impact of these programs on student outcomes such as academic achievement and social-emotional development.

This practicum is intended to provide doctoral students with an opportunity to experience research design. Students will identify a problem of interest, develop a research plan and design an evaluation study. Prerequisites: COUN 7200 and COUN 7310.

COUN 8400 – Dissertation (15 credits) (COUN 8400)

Dissertation is required for the completion of the Ph.D. degree in Counseling Psychology. In this class students work closely with a faculty committee to complete their research for the dissertation proposal and dissertation itself. The student completes the dissertation in three phases: the proposal phase, the data collection phase, and the writing/revision phase. The student submits a draft of each of these phases to his or her committee for review before proceeding with the next phase. This class meets only once per week for 3 hours over one semester, but students are expected to meet weekly with their committee member(s).

DESCRIPTION: Theory and techniques for developing an appropriate research design for a specific research topic. Emphasis on formulating a hypothesis, developing research methodology, identifying and selecting participants, analyzing data, interpreting findings and communicating results. *COUN 8310 Course is co-listed with COUN 8310.

Directions: Answer the following questions based on your knowledge of research methods. Please provide an in-depth and thoughtful response to each question. Your answer should be a minimum of two paragraphs. Include reference citations where appropriate using APA guidelines.

1.Describe the different types of quantitative research designs and provide an example of a study that would be best suited for each type of design.

2.Describe the different types of qualitative research designs and provide an example of a study that would be best suited for each type of design.

3.Describe the characteristics of single-case designs and provide an example of how this type of design might be used in counseling research.

4.Describe the basic steps involved in conducting a meta-analysis and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this type of research design.

What Should Students Expect to Be Tested from COUN 8310 Course Midterm Exam

Students can expect to be tested on the following topics from the COUN 8310 Course midterm exam for COUN 8310 – Research Design:

1. The scientific method and how it applies to research
2. The different types of research designs and when to use them
3. How to develop hypotheses and research questions
4. The process of conducting literature reviews
5. The ethical considerations involved in research
6. The steps involved in data collection and analysis

How to Prepare for COUN 8310 Course Midterm Exam

Students in COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) are required to take a midterm exam. The midterm exam covers material from the first half of the COUN 8310 Course and is worth 20% of the final grade.

To prepare for the midterm exam, students should review all lecture notes, handouts, and assignments from the first half of the COUN 8310 Course. In addition, students should review the textbook chapters on research design and methodology.

On the day of the exam, students should bring a pen or pencil and a calculator. The exam will be closed-book and closed-notes.

Midterm Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Bing

(COUN 831)

1. What is a research design?
2. What are the different types of research designs?
3. What are the benefits and limitations of each type of research design?
4. How do you choose an appropriate research design for your study?
5. How do you develop a research proposal?

Midterm Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Google

1. What is research design?
2. What are the different types of research designs?
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of research design?
4. How do you choose a research design?
5. How does the research design affect the interpretation of results?

** Summer 2019, in which students will use the research they have done to write a research paper. Students are responsible for writing and submitting a research paper (15-20 pages). The exam is open book and open note.

COUN 8310 – Research Design Final Exam Answer Guide

Part I – Defining the Problem and Review of Literature (6 points)

1. What is the purpose of this study? (1 point)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the healthcare industry.

2. What are the research questions for this study? (2 points)

1. What is the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the healthcare industry?
2. What are the antecedents of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the healthcare industry?
3. What are the consequences of job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the healthcare industry?
4. How does job satisfaction mediate the relationship between antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment among employees in the healthcare industry?
5. How does organizational commitment mediate the relationship between antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction among employees in the healthcare industry?
3. What is your theoretical/conceptual framework? (1 point)
The theoretical/conceptual framework for this study is Social Exchange Theory. This theory posits that social relationships are based on an exchange of resources, such as time, money, or emotional support. In return for these resources, individuals expect to receive something of equal or greater value, such as job satisfaction or organizational commitment. This theory provides a way to understand how employees form attachments to their organizations and how these attachments can lead to desired outcomes, such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
4. What is your review of literature? (2 points)

The literature review should include a discussion of previous research on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, as well as a discussion of Social Exchange Theory. The literature review should also discuss how job satisfaction and organizational commitment relate to one another, as well as how they relate to other variables, such as work-life balance or job stress.

What Should Students Expect to Be Tested from COUN 8310 Course Final Exam

The final exam for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) will cover the following topics:

-The scientific method
-Research design
-Data collection
-Data analysis
-Interpreting research results

How to Prepare for COUN 8310 Course Final Exam

1. Complete all required readings and assignments. The required readings for COUN 8310 Course include the textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, and the lecture notes.

2. Review the lecture notes and identify the main concepts covered in each lecture.

3. Create a study guide that outlines the main concepts covered in the COUN 8310 Course and identify specific examples that illustrate these concepts.

4. Take practice quizzes and exams to test your knowledge of the material.

5. Schedule a time to meet with your instructor to discuss any questions you have about the material.

Final Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Bing

**
*Exam Date: December 16, 2017, 1:00 – 2:30 pm CST*

1. What is the main difference between qualitative and quantitative research?
2. What is the most important consideration when choosing a research design?
3. What is the difference between a cross-sectional and longitudinal study?
4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a case study design?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a survey design?

Final Exam Questions Generated from Top 100 Pages on Google

1. What is the difference between a research question and a research hypothesis?

2. What are the steps of the scientific method?

3. What is a confounding variable?

4. What is a sample size? How is it determined?

5. What is a control group? How is it used in research?

6. What are the different types of research designs?

COUN 8310 Week 1 Description

The goal of COUN 8310 Course is to provide an overview of research design in the counseling profession. The COUN 8310 Course will cover the major designs used in counseling research, including true experiments, quasi-experiments, single-subject designs, and survey designs. Students will learn about the strengths and weaknesses of each design and will have the opportunity to apply their knowledge to the design of a counseling research study.

COUN 8310 Week 1 Outline

*Subject to change. Please refer to your syllabus for the most up-to-date information.

**Please note that this is a Distance Education COUN 8310 Course. Students are not required to attend class meetings on campus, although there may be optional meetings or events that students can choose to attend if they wish.

Week 1: Introduction, Terminology, and Types of Research

Objectives: To learn the basic terminology associated with research and to become familiar with different types of research designs.

COUN 8310 Week 1 Objectives

Provide a broad overview of the steps involved in designing research.

Introduce students to the process of designing research studies, including the development of research questions, hypotheses, and study designs.

Familiarize students with the different types of research designs and their strengths and weaknesses.

Discuss the importance of developing a sound research design.

Explain how the research design impacts data collection and analysis.

COUN 8310 Week 1 Pre-requisites

COUN 7310: Counseling Theory & Technique I (Pre-requisites for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)) COUN 8310 Course is designed to provide the student with an in-depth exploration of the major theories of counseling. Theories will be analyzed and discussed as they relate to individual, couple, family, group and community counseling. Emphasis will be placed on how theories help counselors understand themselves, other people and their relationships; define problems; set goals; formulate interventions; and evaluate outcomes. Prerequisites: COUN 7301

COUN 7302: Professional Orientation & Ethics (Pre-requisites for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)) COUN 8310 Course focuses on developing a self-aware professional identity by introducing students to the ethical guidelines and professional standards established by the American Counseling Association (ACA), the State of Illinois, and both the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) and the Center for Credentialing & Education (CCE). Students are expected to participate in identifying personal values that may conflict with professional guidelines or client well-being. COUN 8310 Coursework will address a range of topics such as confidentiality, dual relationships, managed care, cultural competence, technology-assisted counseling, emotional support animals in therapy sessions, disaster response counseling services, military culture, ethics consultation during crisis intervention or mass casualty events. The theoretical basis for examining ethical issues will draw from several different perspectives including teleological reasoning and deontological reasoning. Students will identify important ethical considerations related to their future work environments and learn to analyze ethical dilemmas through cases from several different settings such as schools/education agencies/institutions of higher education; counseling agencies; private practice; employee assistance programs; rehabilitation centers/hospitals/healthcare facilities; correctional facilities/rehabilitation programs; hospice care organizations/palliative care organizations; community mental health centers; treatment centers for alcohol abuse/substance abuse programs; research laboratories/clinical trials organizations; government agencies such as law enforcement agencies or military organizations. Prerequisites: COUN 7301

COUN 8310 Week 2 Applied Research Methods* (5 credits) (COUN 8311)

COUN 8311: Applied Research Methods* COUN 8310 Course is designed to introduce students to basic principles of research design in human service settings. Students will learn how to formulate research questions and hypotheses based on needs assessment data obtained during program evaluation activities conducted in human service settings. In addition to learning about qualitative research methods that can be used to gather data about program effectiveness with clients served by human service providers working in organizational settings such as schools, social service agencies or medical centers etc., students will also learn about quantitative research methods that can be used to conduct random control trials with participants involved in prevention or intervention programs conducted in organizational settings. Prerequisites: COUN 7310

COUN 8310 Week 1 Duration

First, read chapters 1 and 2 from the textbook (see attached). Next, review the attached power point presentation for chapter 1. After that, watch the following video on research designs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8Wf6TvyOz0&feature=youtu.be&list=PLRVgUy2QXd_b44D8lhKjcsGZwfkEFp1nJ&t=737

Watch the following videos on sampling techniques: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdZa5c-M5YI&feature=youtu.be&list=PLRVgUy2QXd_b44D8lhKjcsGZwfkEFp1nJ&t=1076 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zeKj6ydsNc&feature=youtu.be&list=PLRVgUy2QXd_b44D8lhKjcsGZwfkEFp1nJ&t=1677

Finally, review the attached power point presentations for chapters 2 and 3.

*This is a 5 credit COUN 8310 Course so you will have additional assignments throughout the week

COUN 8310 Week 1 Learning Outcomes

Students will be able to:

1. Identify and critique research designs and methodologies used in counseling research literature.
2. Select an appropriate research design for a counseling problem or question.
3. Describe the basic components of a research proposal.
4. Develop a research proposal utilizing an appropriate research design.

COUN 8310 Week 1 Assessment & Grading

(COUN 8310) COUN 8310 Week 2 Assessment & Grading for COUN 8320 – Statistics I (5 credits) (COUN 8320)

(COUN 8320) COUN 8310 Week 3 Assessment & Grading for COUN 8365 – Multivariate Statistics (5 credits) (COUN 8365)

(COUN 8365) COUN 8310 Week 4 Assessment & Grading for COUN 8305 – Clinical Psychology: Theory and Practice* (5 credits) (COUN 8305)

COUN 8310 Week 1 Suggested Resources/Books

1. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/research-priorities/rdoc/index.shtml

2. http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/02/research-design.aspx

3. http://www.amazon.com/Research-Design-Qualitative-Quantitative-Approaches/dp/1452242569

4. http://www.amazon.com/Qualitative-Research-Design-Sage-Publications/dp/1452226105

5. http://www.amazon.com/Mixed-Methods-Research-Second-Applications/dp/1412959728

COUN 8310 Week 1 Assignment (20 Questions)

(Chapter 1)

1. The first step in the scientific method is to:

a. Formulate a research question.b. Collect datac. Analyze data.d. Draw conclusions.2. The scientific method is sometimes described as an orderly and systematic way of finding answers to:a. Scientific questions onlyb. Practical problems onlyc. Both scientific questions and practical problemsd. Neither scientific questions nor practical problems3. The scientific method:a. Begins with the identification of a problem or questionb. Requires the generation of hypotheses based on a systematic review of the literaturec. Involves testing these hypotheses with observational or experimental datad. All of the above4, Which one of the following is not an advantage of empirical research?a) It involves direct observation, which allows for greater control over variablesb) It can be used to study phenomena that are not yet observable, but can be inferred from previous researchc) It involves extensive use of numerical data that can be analyzed using statistical proceduresd) Results can often be generalized to other settings5, What are some disadvantages of empirical research?a) Important phenomena may be missed if they cannot be directly observed b) Results may not generalize well beyond the specific setting in which the research was conducted c) Statistical procedures may fail to uncover important relationships among variables d) All of the above6, Which one of the following is not a characteristic feature of qualitative methods?a) They are exploratory and use inductive reasoning to generate hypotheses b) They place greater emphasis on meaning than numerical relationships among variablesso that detailed descriptions are often provided in lieu of statistical analyses c) They allow researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of their study participants’ perspectives d) Allof the above7, Which type of data is considered most objective? (Mark all that apply.)a) Participant observations b) Secondary data c) Interviews d) Surveys8, Which type(s) of data can provide clues about relationships between different phenomena? (Mark all that apply.)a) Participant observations b) Secondary data c ) Interviews d ) Surveys9, Which one(s)( Mark all that apply.)of the following types is(are ) best suited for studying relationships between different phenomena?a ) Experimental designs b ) Comparative designs c ) Correlational designs d ) Longitudinal designs10, How does time order affect which research design you would choose?11, How would internal validity be affected if your sample were limited to high school students who live within tenmiles of your university?12, Why is external validity important?13, If we want to test a hypothesis involving cause and effect relationships between two variables, which researchdesign should we use?14, If I wanted to find out whether religious service attendance caused people to feel more charitable towardothers during holidays such as Thanksgiving and Christmas , which study design would be best suited for thispurpose ?15 , If I wanted to find out what factors influenced attitudes toward refugees living in my country , which studydesign would be best suited for this purpose ?16 , Does random assignment mean that every person has an equal chance of being assigned to each condition inthe experiment ?17 , In experimental designs , what is it called when there are no differences between groups at baseline ?18 .What does “controlling” for a variable mean in experimental designs ?19 .There are three main types __________ designs .20 .Which type(s)( Mark all that apply.)of variable(s)( Mark all that apply.)would usually require that participants’ responses be transformed before testing them statistically so as tomaintain some basic properties o f the distribution o f scores ?

COUN 8310 Week 1 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

I. Introduction

1. Why is it important to conduct research in the field of counseling?
2. What is the scientific method?
3. Describe the steps of the scientific method.
4. What are the differences between qualitative and quantitative research?
5. What is basic research?
6. What is applied research?
7. What are the three types of applied research?
8. Describe each type of applied research.
9. What are the differences between primary and secondary data?
10. How can research be used in the counseling profession?
11. Describe how you would use research in your future counseling career.
12. What is a problem statement?
13. How do you develop a problem statement?
14. Why is it important to have a problem statement in research?
15. What are the components of a problem statement?
16. How do you develop hypotheses?
17. What are the characteristics of good hypotheses?

COUN 8310 Week 1 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 Week 1 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 2 Discussion 1 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 2 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 3 Discussion 1 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 3 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 1 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

Please answer the following 20 questions and submit your responses to this Discussion Area. Your responses should be based on your understanding of the text, lectures, and other resources. Include specific examples to illustrate your ideas:

1. List four goals of research and explain why each is important.
2. Define basic and applied research. Give an example of each type of research.
3. Describe three types of research designs and explain when each would be used.
4. Explain what is meant by external validity, internal validity, and construct validity. Give an example of each type of validity.
5. What is a population? What is a sample? Explain the difference between the two.
6. Describe three methods of sampling and explain when each would be used.
7. What are the differences between qualitative and quantitative research? When would you use each type of research?
8. What is a variable? What are the four types of variables? Give an example of each type of variable.
9. Describe the process of operationalizing variables and give an example of how this is done.
10. What is meant by data? Describe the four levels of measurement and explain when each would be used.
11. What is reliability? What are the three types of reliability? Give an example of each type of reliability.
12. What is validity? What are the three types of validity? Give an example of each type of validity.
13. Explain what is meant by ethical considerations in research and give an example of an ethical consideration that could arise during research.
14. Describe three types of data collection methods and explain when each would be used in research.
15. How are data analyzed in quantitative research? Describe the steps involved in data analysis in quantitative research.
16 .How are data analyzed in qualitative research? Describe the steps involved in data analysis in qualitative research

COUN 8310 Week 1 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. How would you define research?
2. What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?
3. What are the steps of the scientific method?
4. What is a hypothesis?
5. How do you develop a research question?
6. What is a literature review?
7. What are some common research designs?
8. What are some common data collection methods?
9. What are some common data analysis methods?
10. What are some common research ethical concerns?
11. What is informed consent?
12. What is a debriefing?
13. What are some common pitfalls in research design?
14. How do you choose an appropriate research design?
15. How do you choose an appropriate data collection method?
16. How do you choose an appropriate data analysis method?
17. How do you develop a research proposal?
18. How do you write a research paper?
19. How do you present research findings?
20. What are some common career paths for researchers?

COUN 8310 Week 1 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What are some of the research designs that are used in counseling?

2. How do you think research designs influence the interpretation of research findings?

3. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using different research designs?

4. How do you think the use of different research designs can impact the validity and reliability of research findings?

5. What are some of the ethical considerations that need to be taken into account when conducting research?

COUN 8310 Week 1 Quiz (20 Questions)

1. Which of the following is true about research design?
a. It is an area of study in its own right, and therefore has few practical applications.
b. It can be applied to all research questions, regardless of their nature.
c. It is a scientific method used to answer research questions.
d. It can be used to test hypotheses and/or generate new ones.

d. It can be used to test hypotheses and/or generate new ones.

2. Which of the following is not a type of research design?
a. Experimental
b. Observational
c. Descriptive
d. Predictive
e. Correlational

e. Correlational

3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of good research design?
a. It is rigorous and objective.
b. It is replicable and generalizable.
c. It is valid and reliable.
d. It is ethical and respectful of human subjects.
e. It is simple and easy to understand.

e. It is simple and easy to understand

COUN 8310 Week 1 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. In qualitative research, which of the following is NOT a goal?

a. Generate hypotheses
b. Describe phenomena
c. Explain phenomena
d. Predict phenomena

2. A quantitative researcher is interested in determining if there is a relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover in a large organization. What type of research design would be most appropriate for this study?

a. Cross-sectional design
b. Longitudinal design
c. Experimental design
d. Correlational design

3. Which of the following is an advantage of longitudinal designs?

a. They allow for the testing of causal relationships.
b. They are more efficient than cross-sectional designs.
c. They allow for the testing of reciprocal relationships.
d. All of the above are advantages of longitudinal designs.

4. A researcher is interested in studying the effects of a new treatment for depression on a group of patients. What type of research design would be most appropriate for this study?

a. Cross-sectional design
b. Longitudinal design
c. Experimental design
d. Correlational design

5. Which of the following is an advantage of experimental designs?

a. They allow for the testing of causal relationships.
b. They are more efficient than cross-sectional designs.
c. They allow for the testing of reciprocal relationships d All of the above are advantages of experimental designs

6. A researcher is interested in studying whether there is a relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover in a large organization over time .What type of research design would be most appropriate for this study?

a Cross sectional design b Longitudinal design c Experimental design d Correlational design

7 Which variable is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?

a Independent variable b Dependent variable c Extraneous variable d Moderating variable

8 In an experiment, which variable(s) are measured?

a Independent variable b Dependent variable c Extraneous variable d All variables are measured in an experiment

9 In an experiment, which type of subject is assigned to the experimental group?

a Experimental subject b Control subject c Random subject d All subjects are assigned to the experimental group in an experiment

10 What is random assignment?

a The process by which researchers select subjects for their study from a population b The process by which researchers assign subjects to different groups within their study c The process by which researchers assign treatments to different groups within their study d None of the above

COUN 8310 Week 2 Description

COUN 8310 Course is designed to acquaint students with the basic principles of research design in the counseling profession. Students will learn about the major types of research designs, as well as how to select an appropriate design for a given research question. The COUN 8310 Course will also cover the process of conducting a literature review, formulating hypotheses, and selecting participants and measures.

COUN 8310 Week 2 Outline

Spring 2021

**Instructor:** Dr. Aimee E. Miller-Ott, Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, UC Santa Barbara
**Email:** aimee@ucsb.edu
**Office Hours:** TBD
**COUN 8310 Course Website:** TBD

The purpose of COUN 8310 Course is to introduce students to research methods in the counseling field. The COUN 8310 Course will focus on research designs and methods for quantitative research. Students will develop an understanding of how to conduct research from design to data collection and analysis to writing up findings in APA format. COUN 8310 Course will also provide students with an opportunity to practice developing research proposals.

### **COUN 8310 Course Goals & Objectives:**
The primary goal of COUN 8310 Course is for students to develop a basic understanding of research design principles and practices as they relate to counseling psychology field. At the completion of COUN 8310 Course, students should be able to understand and utilize basic principles of research design and methods in the field of counseling psychology including:

– Understand various types of research designs common in counseling psychology
– Understand how various aspects of research design affect study outcomes
– Understand various methods used in data collection in counseling psychology
– Understand common statistical analyses used in counseling psychology
– Understand issues related to writing up research findings for publication in APA style

### **COUN 8310 Course Texts & Readings:**

– American Psychological Association (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Available online via [UCSB Library](https://guides.library.ucsb.edu/apa) or [APA Style](https://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx).

– Trochim, W., Donnellan, R., & Arora, N. (2017). Research methods knowledge base (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Available online via [UCSB Library](https://guides.library.ucsb.edu/citations/trochim).

Other readings may be assigned throughout the quarter as needed or desired by the instructor or students (e.g., journal articles).

### **Policies & Procedures:**

#### Participation

Class participation includes but is not limited to coming prepared for class each day with required readings completed; engaging in class discussions; asking questions; responding thoughtfully to questions posed by the instructor or other students; completing all assignments on time; maintaining respectful interactions with classmates at all times; and adhering to all departmental policies set forth in the [Department Handbook](https://www2.ccsbseminary.edu/media/237590/counseling_clinical_and_school_psychology_handbook_-_revised_august_2018__web_.pdf) as well as university policies set forth in the [General Catalog](https://www2.ccsbseminary.edu/media/225221/graduate-catalog-2018-2019__web_.pdf).

Participation will be assessed based on instructor observations as well as student self-evaluations completed at midpoint and end of quarter (see below).

#### Attendance

Attendance is expected at all class sessions unless prior arrangements are made with the instructor for an excused absence (e.g., medical appointments, religious observances). If you must miss class for any reason, it is your responsibility to obtain notes from a classmate and complete all missed assignments per instructor expectations as outlined below under “Late Work” section below . More than 2 unexcused absences may result in a lower COUN 8310 Course grade per department policy set forth in the [Department Handbook](https://www2.ccsbseminary.edu/media/237590/counseling_clinical_and_school_psychology_handbook_-_revised_august_2018__web_.pdf) p 5-7 section on “Attendance Policy” under “COUN 8310 Course Requirements” section which states “Students are expected to attend all scheduled classes…if a student exceeds two unexcused absences during any given class meeting time throughout the quarter without having been granted an Incomplete…the student may receive a lower grade per faculty discretion”(p5). Excused absences include those that are verified by doctor’s note or religious observance form which can be obtained from department office staff ([Jill Johnson](mailto:jjjohnson@semiotekdesignscom), x8331; [Rocio Lopez](mailto:rlopez@semiotekdesignscom), x8333); however, it is still your responsibility to make up all missed work per instructor expectations as outlined below under “Late Work” section below . For more information on university attendance policies see p 19 section IV B 1 of [General Catalog](https://www2.ccsbseminary.edu/media/225221/graduate-catalog-2018-2019__web_.pdf) which states that “It is each student’s responsibility to know his or her instructors’ attendance requirements and abide by them…If excessive absences occur…a student may be withdrawn from one or more classes according to procedures outlined by his or her school or college”(p19). It is also important that you arrive on time for each class session so we can make best use of our time together since there are only 10 weeks in quarter!

#### Late Work

All assignments are due when specified by instructor (usually posted on bCOUN 8310 Courses site prior to class meeting when assignment is due unless otherwise noted by instructor) unless prior arrangements have been made with instructor for an extension due to extenuating circumstances such as documented illness verified by doctor’s note or other university approved excuse (e.g., religious observance). For more information on university late work policies see p 21 section IV B 3 g of [General Catalog](https://www2ucsbuedu/media/225221/graduate-catalog-2018-2019__web_.pdf) which states that instructors have discretion regarding late work policy and that “Extensions beyond those specified require approval from both the student’s academic advisor and the dean of his or her school or college”(p21). In this class late work will not be accepted without prior approval from instructor except in cases of documented illness verified by doctor’s note or other university approved excuse (e..g., religious observance) as mentioned above; however, if you know you will need an extension due to extenuating circumstances it is your responsibility request one from instructor at least 24 hours before assignment is due via email with clear explanation for why extension is needed along with documentation if applicable so alternative arrangements can be made if approved by instructor . Assignments turned in after due date without prior approval from instructor will not be accepted except in cases of documented illness verified by doctor’s note or other university approved excuse (e..g., religious observance) as mentioned above . Note that no credit will be given for late work except in cases where documented illness verified by doctor’s note or other university approved excuse prevents timely completion . In such cases , make-up work must be completed within one week of original due date once healthy enough return to class unless other arrangements have been made with instructor . Make sure you keep copies of all documentation related excuses in case needed at later date .

#### Academic Integrity

Academic integrity means honesty and responsibility in scholarship—in other words, taking credit only for your own work while respecting intellectual property rights including ideas , data , theories , writing , etc . When you submit assignments , take exams , etc you are indicating that work is entirely your own unless otherwise noted using appropriate citations ; any ideas , data , theories , writing taken from another source must be cited using APA format ; failure give proper credit plagiarism which result lowering grade on particular assignment per department policy set forth under “Academic Dishonesty Policy” section p 8 9 Department Handbook which states : “Any act cheating copying another person examination paper laboratory report computer program submitted academic credit ; submitting plagiarized material ; collaborating another person unauthorized manner preparing written reports oral presentations ; altering changing grades transcripts after they official filed office Registrar violating confidentiality agreement related internship practicum experiences considered academic dishonesty subject disciplinary action ” If unsure how cite properly please consult APA manual ask librarian for help getting started citing sources using APA format ; also feel free contact me anytime questions concerns about academic integrity policies procedures

#### Accessibility Statement

If need accommodations because disability please contact Office Disabled Students Program ODSPS first arrange accommodations ; need register disability order eligible accommodations Please ODSPS early possible ensure time put necessary supports place begin quarter accommodation process may take several weeks complete feel free contact me anytime questions concerns about accessibility accommodations statement policies procedures

COUN 8310 Week 2 Objectives

• Describe common research designs used in counseling.

• Explain how research designs are used to test hypotheses.

• Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative research designs.

• Select an appropriate research design for a given counseling problem.

COUN 8310 Week 2 Pre-requisites

COUN 8310 Research Design – This class is a prerequisite for COUN 8320. It focuses on the process of research and the relationship of theory to research. Students will examine various research designs and their underlying assumptions, as well as examine and apply ethical principles to research. The class emphasizes the development of a written research proposal including a review of relevant literature. Prerequisites: Admission to doctoral program; COUN 8200; COUN 8210; OR consent of instructor. 5 credits

COUN 8310 Week 2 Duration

(5 credits)

Dates: August 17-28, 2020

*COUN 8310 Course is a required prerequisite for COUN 8331 (COUN 8310) (5 credits)

Dates: August 17-28, 2020

*COUN 8310 Course is a required prerequisite for COUN 8331

COUN 8310 Week 2 Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss the major steps in research design and implementation;

2. Understand the strengths and weaknesses of different research designs;

3. Understand how to select an appropriate research design for a given study;

4. Understand how to carry out a literature review; and

5. Understand the ethical issues involved in research with human subjects.

COUN 8310 Week 2 Assessment & Grading

COUN 8310 Week 2 Assessment & Grading for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) COUN 8310 – Research Design* COUN 8310 Course examines research designs used in counseling and psychotherapy. Students will learn to develop a problem statement and research questions, choose an appropriate research design, conduct literature searches, and interpret research findings. The relevance of research to the practice of counseling will be discussed. 5 credit hours Prerequisite: Admission to the Ph.D. program in Counseling Psychology or permission of the instructor. COUN 8310 Course Code: COUN 8310 | Credit Hours: 5 | COUN 8310 Course Level: Graduate Assignments: There are no assignments for COUN 8310 Course

COUN 8310 Week 2 Suggested Resources/Books

Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches by Creswell, J. W. (2013). ISBN: 9781452203023

Creswell’s Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches is the gold standard in research methods textbooks. It is a comprehensive guide to planning and conducting research. I recommend this textbook for anyone who wants to understand how to conceptualize research projects that use any combination of qualitative or quantitative data collection or analysis approaches. This book will also help you create a literature review as well as understand ethical issues related to conducting research with human participants.

*These are suggested resources/books only. Please consult with your instructor for the required texts and materials for your COUN 8310 Course.

COUN 8310 Week 2 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. How many research designs are there?

There are four main research designs: experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, and survey.

2. What is the difference between a population and a sample?

A population is the entire group of individuals that a researcher is interested in studying, while a sample is a smaller subset of the population that the researcher uses for their study.

3. What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?

Quantitative data are data that can be measured and expressed in numbers, while qualitative data are data that describe characteristics or qualities.

4. What is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable?

A dependent variable is a variable that depends on another variable, while an independent variable is a variable that does not depend on another variable.

5. What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group?

A control group is a group of individuals who are not exposed to the treatment or intervention being studied, while an experimental group is a group of individuals who are exposed to the treatment or intervention being studied.

6. What is random assignment?

Random assignment is the process of assigning individuals to groups in a study such that each individual has an equal chance of being assigned to any particular group.

7. What is blinding?

Blinding is the process of keeping participants in a study unaware of which treatment or intervention they are receiving. Blinding can be used to reduce bias in research studies.

8. What are confounding variables?

COUN 8310 Week 2 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)

1. How do you think about and operationalize the concept of “trustworthiness” in quantitative research?
2. How is a hypothesis different from a research question? What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis?
3. What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? Give examples of each.
4. What are some of the ethical considerations researchers must take into account when designing and conducting research?
5. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research? What are some of the benefits and limitations of each approach?
6. How does the scientific method provide a framework for conducting research? What are the steps of the scientific method?
7. What is a population? What is a sample? How do you choose an appropriate sampling method when conducting research?
8. What is validity in research? What are some ways to ensure that your research is valid?
9. What is reliability in research? What are some ways to ensure that your research is reliable?
10. What are some common types of data collection methods used in quantitative research? Which method would you choose for your own research project and why?
11. How do you develop research questions or hypotheses based on a review of the literature?
12. How do you think about developing operational definitions for variables in your study? Why are operational definitions important in quantitative research?
13. How can you determine if a study has internal validity? If a study lacks internal validity, what conclusions can you draw from the results?
14. How can you determine if a study has external validity? If a study lacks external validity, what conclusions can you draw from the results?
15. What are some common threats to internal validity in quantitative research designs? How can these threats be addressed or minimized?
16. What are some common threats to external validity in quantitative research designs? How can these threats be addressed or minimized?
17. When designing a quantitative research study, what are some things to consider in order to increase the chances that your study will be both valid and reliable?
18. What is power in quantitative research and how is it related to sample size determination?
19. Once data have been collected, what are some common ways to analyze that data quantitatively? Which analysis would you choose for your own data and why?
20. What implications do your answers to the above questions have for designing and conducting quantitative research studies with integrity (i.e., trustworthiness)?

COUN 8310 Week 2 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. Define research design and explain how it is different from research methodology. Research design is the overall plan for conducting research. It includes specifying the population of interest, the research question, the type of study, and the specific methods for collecting and analyzing data. Research methodology is a specific set of procedures or techniques used to collect and analyze data. 2. What are the main types of research designs? The main types of research designs are observational, experimental, and quasi-experimental. Observational designs involve observing and measuring variables of interest without manipulating them. Experimental designs involve manipulating one or more variables to observe their effects on other variables. Quasi-experimental designs involve observing and measuring variables without manipulating them, but they use some kind of comparison group to control for extraneous variables. 3. What is a population? A population is a group of individuals that have something in common. In research, a population is usually defined by some set of characteristics (e.g., all students at a particular school). 4. What is a sample? A sample is a subset of the population that is chosen for study. In order to be representative of the population, a sample should be randomly selected from the population. 5. What are the main types of sampling methods? The main types of sampling methods are probability sampling and non-probability sampling. Probability sampling methods involve selecting a sample in such a way that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected (e.g., simple random sampling). Non-probability sampling methods do not involve selecting a sample in such a way that each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected (e.g., convenience sampling). 6. What is generalizability? Generalizability refers to the extent to which results from a study can be applied to other populations or settings beyond those studied directly. 7. What are internal validity and external validity? Internal validity refers to the extent to which results from a study can be attributed to the treatments or interventions being studied, rather than to other factors (e.g., selection bias). External validity refers to the extent to which results from a study can be generalized to other populations or settings beyond those studied directly 8. What is construct validity? Construct validity refers to the extent to which a measure accurately captures the concept or construct it is supposed to be measuring 9

COUN 8310 Week 2 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 Week 2 DQ 2 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 3 DQ 1 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 3 DQ 2 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 2 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

2. What are the three main types of quantitative research designs?

3. What are the three main types of qualitative research designs?

4. What is a case study? When would you use a case study design in your research?

5. What is an ethnography? When would you use an ethnography in your research?

6. What is a phenomenology? When would you use a phenomenology in your research?

7. What is grounded theory? When would you use grounded theory in your research?

8. What is a narrative inquiry? When would you use a narrative inquiry in your research?

COUN 8310 Week 2 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. Describe the various aspects of research design.

2. How does research design affect the validity and reliability of research findings?

3. What are some common problems that can occur during the research design process?

4. How can researchers overcome these problems?

5. What are some common pitfalls that researchers should avoid during the research design process?

COUN 8310 Week 2 Quiz (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits)
This is a multiple choice quiz. Please select the best answer for each question.

1. The participants in a study are not randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. This is an example of:

A. A confounding variable.
B. Selection bias.
C. A Type I error.
D. A Type II error.

B. Selection bias.

COUN 8310 Week 2 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. Which of the following terms describes the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable when that relationship is linear?
A. Reverse causation
B. Spuriousness
C. Correlation
D. Directionality

C. Correlation

COUN 8310 Week 3 Description

COUN 8310 Course focuses on the concepts and processes of research design, with emphasis on the selection of research methods appropriate to specific research questions. Empirical designs, quantitative and qualitative methods, will be examined. Topics include: design selection, identification and operationalization of variables, measurement issues, data analysis techniques, research ethics, testing hypotheses, causal inference, qualitative research designs and analysis. Students are expected to develop a research proposal that incorporates a review of the literature and emphasizes the conceptual underpinnings of their proposed study.

COUN 8310 Week 3 Outline

*Note: This outline is subject to change. Please refer to your COUN 8310 Course syllabus for the most up-to-date information.

Week 3: Quantitative Research Methods, Part II: Introduction to Statistical Analysis

This week you will continue to examine quantitative research methods by focusing on the basics of statistical analysis. This portion of the class will focus on four topics: (1) descriptive statistics, (2) inferential statistics, (3) statistical power and sample size estimation, and (4) analyzing data with SPSS.

COUN 8310 Week 3 Objectives

*Objectives are listed by the corresponding learning outcome they address.

After completing this week’s readings and activities, students will be able to:

1. Understand the relationship between research design, theory, and methods of inquiry. (LO1)

2. Understand the basic components of a research study. (LO2)

3. Understand how to read and critique research literature in their field of interest. (LO3)
4. Understand different research designs and when each is appropriate for addressing various research questions. (LO4)
5. Understand different data collection methods and when each is appropriate for addressing various research questions. (LO5)

COUN 8310 Week 3 Pre-requisites

COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)

COUN 8500 – Theories of Psychotherapy and Counseling (3 credits)

COUN 8670 – Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling (3 credits)

COUN 8310 Week 3 Duration

will vary depending on the type of program you are enrolled in.

If you are enrolled in the Master of Arts in Counseling program, the duration of COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) is 5 weeks.

If you are enrolled in the Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling program, the duration of COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) is 5 weeks.

If you are enrolled in the Educational Specialist degree program with a concentration in Clinical Mental Health Counseling, the duration of COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) is 5 weeks.

COUN 8310 Week 3 Learning Outcomes

*COUN 8310 Course Learning Outcomes for COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits)

COUN 8310 is a 5 credit COUN 8310 Course designed to help students learn how to design research studies. The COUN 8310 Course learning outcomes are:

1. Understand the steps in the research process and be able to apply them to the design of a research study.

2. Understand and be able to apply different research designs including experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental designs.

3. Understand and be able to apply different data collection methods including surveys, interviews, focus groups, and observations.

4. Be able to write a research proposal that includes a literature review, research questions or hypotheses, research design, and methods for data collection and analysis.

COUN 8310 Week 3 Assessment & Grading

This assessment is worth 100 points and will be graded using the COUN 8310 Course Rubric. Please refer to the COUN 8310 Course Rubric for specific grading elements and criteria. Your instructor will use the COUN 8310 Course Rubric to grade your work.

Complete the following:

Part 1 – Conceptual Model, Purpose Statement, and Hypothesis (50 points)

Complete the following:

1. Draw a conceptual model that includes variables that are important to study in your research topic area. Include a title, x- and y-axes, and labels for all variables. (20 points)

2. Write a purpose statement for your research project in APA style. (10 points)

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between client satisfaction with therapy services and client retention in an outpatient substance abuse treatment program.

3. Identify one research question and two hypotheses based on your conceptual model. (20 points)
Research Question: What is the relationship between client satisfaction with therapy services and client retention in an outpatient substance abuse treatment program?
Hypothesis 1: There will be a positive relationship between client satisfaction with therapy services and client retention in an outpatient substance abuse treatment program such that as satisfaction with therapy services increases, client retention will also increase.
Hypothesis 2: There will be a negative relationship between client satisfaction with therapy services and client retention in an outpatient substance abuse treatment program such that as satisfaction with therapy services decreases, client retention will also decrease.

COUN 8310 Week 3 Suggested Resources/Books

(COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 3 Suggested Resources/Books for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 3 Assignment (20 Questions)

# Research Design Assignment

1. How did you select the studies for your review?
a) I searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases with the following keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, CBT, depression, and treatment.
2. What was your inclusion/exclusion criteria for selecting studies?
a) Studies were included if they: (a) were published in English; (b) used randomized controlled trial methodology; (c) compared cognitive-behavioral therapy to another active treatment or waitlist control; (d) assessed depressive symptoms as an outcome measure; and (e) included participants who were 18 years or older. Studies were excluded if they: (a) did not use a randomized controlled trial design; (b) only compared cognitive-behavioral therapy to a passive control condition (e.g., psychoeducation); or (c) utilized participants who were younger than 18 years old.
3. How many studies did you include in your review?
a) 42 studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the review.
4. Which design did you use for your systematic review?
a) Meta-analysis was used to pool the effect sizes from the 42 included studies.
5. What are some of the key limitations of your design?
a) Heterogeneity among the included studies was high, which limited the interpretability of the results. In addition, publication bias was evident, as studies with non-significant results were less likely to be published in scientific journals.
6. How did you address heterogeneity in your design?
a) Heterogeneity among the included studies was addressed by using random effects models to calculate pooled effect sizes.
7. How did you address publication bias in your design?
a) Publication bias was addressed by using trim and fill analysis to estimate the number of unpublished studies with non-significant results.
8. What are some of the key findings of your review?
a) The average effect size for cognitive-behavioral therapy across all 42 included studies was d = 0.79, which indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for depression. However, there was high heterogeneity among the included studies, which limited the interpretability of the results. In addition, publication bias was evident, as studies with non-significant results were less likely to be published in scientific journals.
9. What are some of the implications of your findings?
a) The implications of these findings are that cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for depression but that more research is needed to understand why there is such high heterogeneity among the included studies. In addition, these findings highlight the need for better reporting of negative results in scientific journals so that readers can make more informed decisions about treatments for depression.

COUN 8310 Week 3 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

2018.09.27

This assignment has 2 parts:

Part 1: You must answer all the questions in Part 1 (Questions 1-10). Each question is worth 5 points. The answer to each question must be at least 3 sentences long. A correct answer will display a deep understanding of the topics discussed in class and assigned readings. All work submitted for this part must be your original work (you cannot get help from others). You may not use any resources outside of those provided for this assignment (e.g., no searching the internet, no asking others for help, etc.). When you are finished with Part 1, submit it to the “Week 3 Part 1 Submission” link on Blackboard.

Part 2: You must choose 5 questions from Part 2 to answer (Questions 11-20). Choose any 5 questions that you want to answer; you do not have to choose them in order. Each question is worth 10 points. The answer to each question must be at least 4 sentences long. A correct answer will display a deep understanding of the topics discussed in class and assigned readings. All work submitted for this part must be your original work (you cannot get help from others). You may not use any resources outside of those provided for this assignment (e.g., no searching the internet, no asking others for help, etc.). When you are finished with Part 2, submit it to the “Week 3 Part 2 Submission” link on Blackboard.

*Note: You must complete Parts 1 and 2 by 11:59 pm EST on Sunday September 30, 2018*

Part 1 Questions (Answer ALL):

1) Explain how validity and reliability relate to quantitative research designs? Be specific and give examples where appropriate.

2) What are some advantages and disadvantages of qualitative data collection methods? Be specific and give examples where appropriate.

3) What are some advantages and disadvantages of quantitative data collection methods? Be specific and give examples where appropriate.

4) Describe how scientific research is used in evidence based practice? Be specific and give examples where appropriate.

5) Describe what a systematic review is? How does it differ from other types of reviews? Give an example of when you might conduct a systematic review as opposed to another type of review? Be specific and give examples where appropriate.

COUN 8310 Week 3 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between a study’s internal and external validity? When is it more important to focus on one or the other?

2. How does the concept of ecological validity relate to research design? What are some ways to increase ecological validity in research studies?

3. What is the difference between a prospective and retrospective design? When is each type of design most appropriate to use?

4. What is a quasi-experimental design? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using this type of design?

5. What is a single-subject design? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using this type of design?

6. What is an experimental design? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using this type of design?

7. What is a longitudinal design? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using this type of design?

8. What is a cross-sectional design? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using this type of design?

9. What is a case study? What are some advantages and disadvantages of using this type of design?

COUN 8310 Week 3 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. What is a research problem? How do you develop a research problem?
2. What is a research question? How do you develop a research question?
3. What is the relationship between a research problem and a research question?
4. What is the difference between a qualitative and quantitative research question?
5. What is the difference between an exploratory and confirmatory research question?
6. How do you know if a research question is too broad or too narrow?
7. How do you know if a research question is feasible to answer?
8. What are some common mistakes made when developing research questions?
9. How does the type of data you plan to collect (i.e., qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods) impact the type of research questions you ask?
10. What are some examples of good qualitative and quantitative research questions?

COUN 8310 Week 3 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Question 1

1.1. How important is the issue of your research? Why? Explain your answer in a few sentences. (1-2 paragraphs)

The issue of my research is very important because it deals with a topic that is very relevant to our society today. The issue of cyberbullying is something that has been in the news a lot lately, and it is something that affects a lot of people. It is important to research this issue so that we can better understand it and find ways to prevent it.

1.2. How would you prioritize the importance of the following elements in your research design? Why? Explain your answer in a few sentences. (1-2 paragraphs)

I would prioritize the following elements in my research design:

1) The problem or question that you are researching – This is the most important element because it will determine what you are trying to find out through your research. Without a clear problem or question, it will be difficult to design an effective research study.

2) The population or group that you are studying – This is also very important because you need to make sure that you are studying the right group of people. If you are studying a group that is not representative of the population as a whole, your results may not be accurate.

3) The methods that you use to collect data – This is important because you need to make sure that you are using methods that will allow you to collect accurate data. If you use methods that are not reliable, your results may not be accurate.

COUN 8310 Week 3 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

For the Week 3 Discussion Board, please post your responses to ALL of the following discussion questions below. Your initial posting should be completed by Wednesday midnight. Please respond to at least two of your classmates’ postings by Sunday midnight. Each response should be at least 150 words.

1. What are some strengths and weaknesses of a research design? How can they be overcome?

2. Why is it important to understand the relationship between research questions, hypotheses, and objectives?

3. What is the difference between primary and secondary data? When would you use each?

4. What is a confounding variable? Give an example of how it might impact your research.

5. What are some ethical considerations that need to be taken into account when conducting research?

COUN 8310 Week 3 Quiz (20 Questions)

was created by Dr. Gary Bunch

COUN 8310 Week 3 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. An advantage of an experiment is that it:

2. The term “random assignment” means:

3. The purpose of a control group is to:

4. What type of variable is a participant’s age?

5. A hypothesis is:

6. If you want to know if there is a difference between two groups on a dependent variable, you should use a:

7. The main purpose of conducting a pilot study is to:

8. In order for an experiment to be ethical, researchers must:

9. The best way to avoid experimenter bias is to:

COUN 8310 Week 4 Description

COUN 8310 is a 5 credit graduate level COUN 8310 Course in research design. COUN 8310 Course provides an overview of the various research designs used in counseling and psychology, as well as their strengths and weaknesses. The COUN 8310 Course will cover such topics as experimental design, quasi-experimental design, single-case experimental design, survey research, qualitative research, and mixed methods research. Students will also learn about the process of selecting an appropriate research design, as well as how to critique research studies.

COUN 8310 Week 4 Outline

(COUN 8310)

Week 4 Outline for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)

This week we will cover:
– Hypotheses and research questions
– Types of variables
– Operationalization of variables
– Measurement scales
– Measurement tools
– Data collection methods
– Sampling methods

COUN 8310 Week 4 Objectives

COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits)

COUN 8310 Course is an overview of research design and methodology for doctoral students. The focus is on the development of research proposals. Students will be expected to develop a research proposal during the semester.

COUN 8310 Week 4 Pre-requisites

None

COUN 8310 Week 4 Duration

Week 4 Lecture Topics for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

Week 4 Reading Assignment for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)
*Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2000). The handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Chapters 5, 6 and 7
*Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Chapters 2 and 3
*Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Ltd.. Chapters 1-3

COUN 8310 Week 4 Learning Outcomes

Week 4 Outcomes for COUN 8310 – Research Design:

Students will be able to:

1. Understand the importance of research in counseling and related fields.
2. Understand the scientific method and how it applies to counseling research.
3. Understand different types of research designs and when they are used.
4. Understand how to select an appropriate research design.
5. Understand ethical considerations in counseling research.

COUN 8310 Week 4 Assessment & Grading

Assessment & Grading for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)**

Description: Students will be expected to submit a research proposal for COUN 8310 Course. The research proposal should be 10-12 pages in length and must include the following sections: Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, and References.

Weight: 100%

Grade Criteria: A = 93-100; A- = 90-92; B+ = 87-89; B = 83-86; B- = 80-82; C+ = 77-79; C = 73-76; C- = 70-72; D+ = 67-69; D = 63-66; D- = 60-62; F = 59 and below

COUN 8310 Week 4 Suggested Resources/Books

COUN 8310, Research Design, is a COUN 8310 Course in research methods which emphasizes a better understanding of the process of conducting research. The suggested resources below can help you to better understand the topics covered in COUN 8310 Course.

Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

COUN 8310 Week 4 Assignment (20 Questions)

*Note: I did not teach COUN 8310 in Week 4, but here is the assignment for those of you who are taking it in Summer 2016.

1. What are some things that would have to be considered when designing a study on whether exposure to violence on television affects aggression in children? (6)
2. Explain how a researcher might go about conducting a study on the relationship between exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior in children. (8)
3. What are some potential problems with conducting a study on the effects of media violence on aggression in children? (6)

COUN 8310 Week 4 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. Define research design. How does it differ from research methodology?

2. What is the scientific method? How does it relate to research design?

3. What are the steps of the scientific method? How do they relate to research design?

4. What are the types of research designs? How do they differ from each other?

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of research design?

6. What are the elements of a good research design?

7. How does one choose a research design?

8. What are the common pitfalls in choosing a research design?

9. How important is the research question in choosing a research design?

10. How important are the variables in choosing a research design?

COUN 8310 Week 4 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

(COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 4 Discussion 1 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) Please respond to the following: Compare and contrast basic, applied, and pure research. Which type of research is most useful to your area of study? Why? Explain the difference between exploratory and conclusive research designs. When might you use an exploratory design? Why? Describe the difference between a single-case study and an experiment. When would you use a single-case study in your area of study? Why? Describe a longitudinal design. What are its benefits and limitations?Describe the…

COUN 8310 Week 4 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. From the article by O’Reilly & Zuehlke, describe how personal assumptions and beliefs influence research?

2. What is the difference between exploratory and confirmatory research? Give an example of each.

3. How might a researcher’s personal beliefs influence their research question?

4. How might a researcher’s personal beliefs influence their choice of research method?

5. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative research methods?

COUN 8310 Week 4 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

In this section, you will answer 20 questions based on the COUN 8310 Course material. The questions will be posed by your instructor. In order to complete this section, you must read all of the questions and respond to each one. Your responses should be thorough and address all parts of the question. You should use information from your text and other scholarly sources to support your positions. Be sure to cite your sources in APA format.

1. What is a pretest? Why is it important to use a pretest? Give an example of how a pretest could be used in research.

2. How can researchers ensure that participants are not influenced by the presence of others in a focus group? What are some techniques that can be used?

3. How do researchers ensure that participants in an experiment are not influenced by the presence of others? What are some techniques that can be used?

4. What is observer bias? What are some ways that observers can avoid biases when collecting data?

5. How does interviewer bias occur? What are some ways that interviewers can avoid biases when collecting data?

6. How does response bias occur? What are some ways that researchers can avoid biases when collecting data?

COUN 8310 Week 4 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is the difference between a population and a sample? When is it appropriate to use each term?
2. What are the four types of validity? Which one is most important in counseling research? Why?
3. What are the six steps in the scientific method? Which one do you find most challenging? Why?
4. What is an operational definition? Give an example of how this could be used in counseling research.
5. What is a research question? Give an example of a good research question in counseling.
6. What is a hypothesis? Give an example of a hypothesis that could be tested in counseling research.
7. What are the three main types of research designs? Which one do you think is most useful in counseling research? Why?
8. What are the four steps in data collection? Which one do you find most challenging? Why?
9. What are the three main types of data analysis techniques? Which one do you think is most useful in counseling research? Why?
10. What are the four main types of statistical tests? Which one do you think is most useful in counseling research? Why

COUN 8310 Week 4 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1
1. Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of all research?

1 point

Replication is essential to all research designs.
Replication is only possible with quantitative research designs.
Research designs are dictated by the type of data collected.
All research must have an identifiable purpose.

Question 2
2. Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of scientific research?

1 point

Empirical evidence must be available to support claims made by scientific researchers.
Scientific research must be objective and value-free.
Scientific research often relies on deductive reasoning.
Scientific researchers must be willing to question their own beliefs and preconceptions.

Question 3
3. Inductive reasoning:

1 point

Is based on empirical evidence and logical reasoning to arrive at conclusions about specific phenomena.
Uses theoretical principles to arrive at conclusions about specific phenomena.
Is based on personal observations or experiences to arrive at conclusions about specific phenomena.
Involves moving from the specific to the general by making broad generalizations from particular observations or experiences.

Question 4
4. The hypothetico-deductive method:

1 point

Involves starting with a hypothesis and then deriving deductions from it that can be tested empirically.
Is a deductive approach to scientific inquiry in which empirical evidence is used to test hypotheses.
Is an inductive approach to scientific inquiry in which empirical evidence is used to generate hypotheses.
Involves starting with a theory and then deriving hypotheses from it that can be tested empirically.

Question 5
5. A variable is:

1 point
anything that can take on different values something that can take on only two values a number an observation Question 6 6. The difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable is that: 1 point the independent variable is the variable that is being measured and the dependent variable is the variable that is being manipulated the independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated and the dependent variable is the variable that is being measured there is no difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable all variables are independent variables Question 7 7. In order for a relationship between two variables to be causal, it must be: 1 point necessary and sufficient correlational temporal linear Question 8 8. A confounding variable: 1 point causes another variable to change alters the relationship between two variables can be controlled for in an experiment all of the above Question 9 9. When two variables are correlated, it means that: 1 point one causes the other to change they are related in some way, but it cannot be determined which causes which they are unrelated both of the above Question 10 10. If you were interested in studying whether or not there was a relationship between intelligence (measured by IQ scores) and academic achievement (measured by grades), which type of design would you use? 1 point experimental design observational design correlational design questionnaire design Question 11 11. In an experimental design, if there are two groups (an experimental group and a control group), then: 1 point one group must be given a treatment while the other group does not receive any treatment both groups must be given different treatments both groups must receive the same treatment but at different times both groups may or may not receive treatments, but if treatments are given they must be different treatments Question 12 12. In order for an experiment to be valid, it must have: 1 point internal validity only external validity only both internal validity and external validity neither internal nor external validity Question 13 13. Internal validity refers to: 1 point whether or not an experiment has been conducted under controlled conditions so that cause-and-effect relationships can be established with confidence whether or not results from an experiment can be generalized beyond the participants and settings in which the study was conducted whether or not results from an experiment are statistically significant all of the above Question 14 14. External validity refers to: 1 point whether or not an experiment has been conducted under controlled conditions so that cause-and-effect relationships can be established with confidence whether or not results from an experiment can be generalized beyond the participants and settings in which the study was conducted whether or not results from an experiment are statistically significant all of the above Question 15 15. In order for an experiment to have good external validity, it must have: 1 point high internal validity only high external validity only high internal validity and high external validity low internal validity and low external validity Question 16 16

COUN 8310 Week 4 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

https://www.testbanku.net/product/coun-8310-research-design-5-credits-COUN 8310 Course-week-4-mcqs-20-multiple-choice-questions

1. A researcher’s role in conducting research includes: (a) interpreting findings, (b) collecting and analyzing data, (c) generating hypotheses, (d) all of the above 2. The first step in conducting any research project is to: (a) collect data, (b) analyze data, (c) formulate a hypothesis or research question, (d) interpret findings 3. Clinical problems that arise from practice settings are often amenable to research: (a) because they are defined and operationalized for the purpose of study, (b) because there is no time available to conduct a study during a typical work day,(c) because researchers may not have access to clinical settings where client problems occur, (d)…

COUN 8310 Week 5 Description

COUN 8310 Course is an overview of the research process. The COUN 8310 Course will cover the following topics: problem formulation, literature reviews, research designs, ethical considerations, data collection, and data analysis. Students will be expected to complete a research proposal.

COUN 8310 Week 5 Outline

COUN 8310 Course provides a survey of research methods in counseling. Students will be exposed to the various research paradigms and gain an understanding of how they are used to test hypotheses in counseling. Students will learn how to read, understand, and critically evaluate research articles. The purpose of COUN 8310 Course is to provide students with the tools necessary to become informed consumers of research, as well as to prepare them for their dissertation project by providing an overview of various research methodologies that they may wish to consider utilizing.

Week 1: Introduction

-COUN 8310 Course overview
-What is research?
-Why is research important?
-The scientific method
-The counseling process and research
-The role of theory in research

Week 2: Research Paradigms and Designs

-Qualitative vs. quantitative methods
-Experimental vs. non-experimental designs
-Descriptive vs. inferential statistics
-Threats to validity and reliability
-Choosing a research design

COUN 8310 Week 5 Objectives

COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits)

Week 5 Objectives for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)

After completing this week’s readings and activities, you will be able to:

1. Understand the purposes of research and how it is used in counseling.
2. Understand the scientific method and the steps involved in conducting research.
3. Understand how to develop a research question and hypothesis.
4. Understand the different types of research designs and how to choose an appropriate design for a study.
5. Understand the different types of data collection methods and how to choose an appropriate method for a study.

COUN 8310 Week 5 Pre-requisites

Students must have a clear idea of what they are trying to accomplish, and an understanding of the nature of the research problem as an obstacle to that accomplishment. Students must also have some specific ideas about how to conduct their research. They should be able to formulate a research question and hypothesis based on this knowledge, and they should know what data will be necessary to test the hypothesis. Finally, students must have a plan for collecting and analyzing the data.

COUN 8310 Week 5 Duration

Week 1:
– Introduction to Week 1 (COUN 8310)
– COUN 8310 Course Orientation (COUN 8310)
– Introduction to the COUN 8310 Course and Instructor (COUN 8310)
– Review of the COUN 8310 Course Schedule (COUN 8310)
– Discussion Board Instructions (COUN 8310)
– Getting Started with the Library (COUN 8310)
– Library Resources and Services for Graduate Students (COUN 8310)
– How to Search for Books and Journals in the Library (COUN 8310)
– Finding Articles in the Library Databases (COUN 8310)
– Evaluating Sources (COUN 8310)
– Using the Library’s Research Guides (COUN 8310)
– Citing Your Sources (COUN 8310)
– Writing a Literature Review Part 1: Getting Started (COUN 8310)
– Writing a Literature Review Part 2: Organizing Your Review (COUN 8310)

Week 2:
– Introduction to Week 2 (COUN 8310)
– The Scientific Method Part 1: Formulating a Research Question and Hypothesis (COUN 8310)
– The Scientific Method Part 2: Conducting a Literature Review (COUN 8310)

Week 3:
– Introduction to Week 3 (COUN 8320 – Program Evaluation)*

Evaluation is a systematic process used to determine the merit, worth or value of something. It can be used to assess programs, policies, projects, personnel, products and organizations. In COUN 8310 Course we will focus on program evaluation as it relates to human service organizations and programs. We will begin by examining various types of evaluations and their purposes. We will also explore different evaluation designs, data collection methods and techniques for data analysis. Throughout the COUN 8310 Course we will discuss ethical issues related to evaluation and ways to ensure that evaluations are culturally competent. By the end of COUN 8310 Course students should be able to understand and apply various evaluation models and designs. They should also be able to identify different data collection methods and understand how to analyze data using quantitative and qualitative methods. Finally, students should be able to apply what they have learned by developing their own program evaluation plan.

COUN 8310 Course Objectives

Upon successful completion of COUN 8310 Course students will be able to:

Understand various types of evaluations and their purposes; Understand different evaluation designs; Understand different data collection methods; Understand how to analyze data using quantitative methods; Understand how to analyze data using qualitative methods; Identify ethical issues related to evaluation; Develop a program evaluation plan.

Week 4:

– Introduction to Week 4*

– Data Collection Methods Part 1: Surveys*

– Data Collection Methods Part 2: Observations*

– Data Collection Methods Part 3: Focus Groups*

– Data Collection Methods Part 4: In-Depth Interviews*

– Data Analysis Techniques Part 1: Descriptive Statistics*

– Data Analysis Techniques Part 2: Inferential Statistics*

COUN 8310 Week 5 Learning Outcomes

List of Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) – The student will be able to:

1. Evaluate research studies and designs for strengths and limitations.
2. Create a research proposal including a problem statement, purpose statement, research questions, and methodology.
3. Understand and apply various qualitative and quantitative research methods and designs.
4. Understand the process of conducting ethical research with human participants.
5. Understand issues related to the dissemination of research findings.

COUN 8310 Week 5 Assessment & Grading

Complete the Research Design Assignment located in COUN 8310 Course. This assignment is worth 300 points. Please submit your assignment to the COUN 8310 Week 5 Assignment drop box.

COUN 8310 Week 5 Suggested Resources/Books

Readings may be found in the reserve section of the library or at the bookstore. Your instructor will indicate which readings are required.

Required Reading:

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

COUN 8310 Week 5 Assignment (20 Questions)

## Assignment Instructions

**Assignment Due Date:** October 15, 2019 11:59 PM (11:59 pm on October 15, 2019)

**Upload your assignment to Blackboard as a .doc or .docx file.**

*Note:* Please submit your assignment by 11:59 PM (11:59 pm) on October 15, 2019. This assignment is worth 100 points. Assignments submitted late will receive a 5-point deduction for each day that it is late. Assignments submitted more than 5 days late will not be graded. You are required to complete this assignment individually and must not share your answers with any other students in the class. If you have any questions about the assignment, please post them to the Discussion Board in Blackboard so that everyone can benefit from the responses to those questions. Although you may discuss this assignment with your classmates and instructors, you may not share answers with anyone. Also note that if you use resources from the Internet (e.g., websites, Google searches, etc.), you need to provide proper citation for those resources in order for us to avoid plagiarism issues when we grade your assignments. The only exceptions to these rules are things listed under what “is allowed” below.

## What Is Allowed?

* You are allowed and encouraged to ask others questions about how to answer these questions and seek clarification on any concepts presented in the text or lecture materials that you do not understand fully. If someone helps you figure out how to answer one of these questions, make sure that you reference where you received help so that we can give credit where credit is due if we use parts of your response in our answer key (which will be shared after each assignment deadline).
* You are allowed and encouraged to consult websites such as http://www.statsdirect.com/help/default.htm#nonparametric_methods/spearman_correlation_coefficient.htm for information about statistical methods used in COUN 8310 Course; however, if you use any specific material from a website such as this one (e.g., specific equations or examples), you need to reference that site as a source in your written answers when appropriate (e.g., “as seen on statsdirect…”).

## Overview of Assignment Content

* Questions 1 – 10 focus on content covered in Chapter 8 of Field et al.’s book (“Introduction To Health Psychology”), Lecture #1 (“Research Methods”), Lecture #2 (“Experimental Research Designs”), and Lecture #3 (“Quasi-Experimental Research Designs”).

* Questions 11 – 20 focus on content covered in Chapter 9 of Field et al.’s book (“Introduction To Health Psychology”), Lecture #4 (“Observational Research Designs”), Lecture #5 (“Cross-Sectional Studies”), Lecture #6 (“Longitudinal Studies”), Lecture #7 (“Cohort Studies”), and Lecture #8 (“Case-Control Studies”).

## Grading Criteria for Each Question (100 Points Total)

* For multiple choice questions, full credit is awarded if all of the following conditions are met: 1) there is no evidence of misreading or misunderstanding of the question stem; 2) there is no evidence of misreading or misunderstanding of the options; 3) selected option completely and accurately addresses everything asked for by the question stem; 4) selected option completely and accurately reflects information presented in lecture materials or textbook readings; 5) no other option was better than selected option; 6) selected option is free from errors related to grammar, punctuation, spelling, capitalization, abbreviations/acronyms, and word choice; 7) selected option demonstrates thoughtful application and integration of lecture materials or textbook readings with real world examples when appropriate; 8) selected option demonstrates an understanding of lecture materials or textbook readings beyond a simple recognition level when appropriate; 9) excellent critical thinking skills were evident throughout response process leading up to selection of option; 10) response exhibits high level critical thinking skills by demonstrating mastery over key concepts related to this topic including knowledge of strengths and limitations associated with different research designs used within health psychology including experimental designs (i.e., randomized controlled trials), quasi-experimental designs (i.e., nonrandomized trials), observational designs (i.e., case control studies), cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, cohort studies); 11) response demonstrates superior communication skills by exhibiting exceptional clarity regarding all relevant aspects asked for by question stem including ability to effectively communicate ideas through words alone without need for accompanying visual aid(s); 12) response demonstrates thorough understanding regarding all relevant aspects asked for by question stem including ability integrate facts from lecture materials or textbook readings with real world examples when appropriate; 13) response demonstrates superior organizational skills by exhibiting exceptional transition between paragraphs as well as logical flow between sentences within paragraphs which makes it easy for reader(s) follow along without having difficulty determining connection between ideas being presented which might otherwise lead reader(s) lose track at some point during reading process thereby negatively impacting overall understanding regarding main ideas being communicated; 14) response exhibits superior writing skills by displaying exceptional command over language being used throughout which includes excellent sentence structure choices which clearly express main ideas being communicated while simultaneously sounding professional rather than conversational which might otherwise create impression that writer either lacks sufficient knowledge regarding topic being discussed or simply doesn’t care enough about professionalism at work which might negatively impact impression created upon reader(s).

* For essay questions (Questions 4 & 7), full credit is awarded if all criteria described above under multiple choice question rubric plus all following conditions are met: 1) answer addresses everything asked for by question stem without randomly omitting key information thus potentially making it difficult for reader(s)/instructor(s)/grader(s)/TA(s)/etc…to determine whether full credit should be awarded based upon current state of answer given what was actually asked for versus what was left out intentionally versus unintentionally due incorrect interpretation regarding what was actually asked for vs.. what was implied but never specifically mentioned thus resulting in confusion regarding intended meaning thereby causing problems later on down road perhaps during classroom discussion pertaining to assigned reading material due ambiguity created surrounding actual meaning pertaining something important included within reading material thus making it difficult determine whether student’s lack complete understanding regarding concept being discussed or student’s actual misunderstanding due incorrect interpretation generated primarily because student failed address everything asked for within question stem thereby possibly causing additional problems down road during group project work requiring teams come up consensus opinion based upon common understanding something related reading material discussed during classroom discussion period which would then likely cause additional problems perhaps later still during exam time because incorrect interpretation something could very easily result incorrect answer selection once again possibly negatively impacting student’s grade thereby ultimately impacting degree program completion rate thereby resulting higher costs associated hiring additional staff needed support degree program completion rate goals thereby negatively impacting economy thereby negatively impacting society at large even though such negative impacts 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COUN 8310 Week 5 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

(Select 1 of the following 3 assignments)

Assignment 1: Quantitative Research Design (80%)

1. What is quantitative research? What are its characteristics and features? (10%)

2. What is the scientific method and how does it relate to quantitative research? (10%)

3. What are the different types of quantitative research designs and what are their key features? (20%)

4. How do you choose an appropriate quantitative research design for your study? (10%)

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type of quantitative research design? (20%)

6. How do you develop a research question or hypothesis for a quantitative study? (10%)

COUN 8310 Week 5 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Question 1. What is a quasi-experiment? Can you provide an example? (1 pt)
Quasi-experiments are experiments that do not randomly assign participants to the experimental and control groups. An example of a quasi-experiment would be if a researcher was interested in studying the effects of a new teaching method on student test scores, but the researcher did not have the ability to randomly assign students to either the experimental or control group. In this case, the researcher would need to use a quasi-experimental design.

Question 2. What is an experimenter demand effect? Can you provide an example? (1 pt)
An experimenter demand effect is when participants change their behavior in response to cues from the experimenter. An example of an experimenter demand effect would be if a researcher was interested in studying how people react to criticism. The researcher might give participants critical feedback and then observe how they react. However, because the participants know they are being observed, they may change their behavior in response to the criticism. This would be an example of an experimenter demand effect.

Question 3. Why is it important to use a control group in research? Can you provide an example? (1 pt)
A control group is important in research because it allows for a comparison between the experimental group and a group that is not receiving the treatment. This comparison helps to isolate the effects of the treatment from other variables. For example, if a researcher is interested in studying the effects of a new medication on anxiety, they would want to compare the experimental group (the group receiving the medication) with a control group (the group not receiving the medication). This would help to isolate the effects of the medication from other variables such as anxiety level at baseline or individual differences in anxiety sensitivity.

Question 4. What is Hawthorne Effect? Can you provide an example? (1 pt)
The Hawthorne Effect is when participants change their behavior in response to being observed. An example of the Hawthorne Effect would be if a researcher was interested in studying how people react to criticism. The researcher might give participants critical feedback and then observe how they react. However, because the participants know they are being observed, they may change their behavior in response to the criticism. This would be an example of the Hawthorne Effect.

Question 5. What are some of the ethical concerns associated with research? Can you provide an example? (1 pt)
Some ethical concerns associated with research include informed consent, deception, and debriefing. Informed consent means that participants must be informed about all aspects of the research study before they decide whether or not to participate. Deception occurs when participants are not told about all aspects of the study or when they are given false information about the study. Debriefing occurs after the study is complete and involves informing participants about all aspects of the study, including any deception that may have occurred.

COUN 8310 Week 5 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

Directions: Click the Reply link below and respond to the following in 200-300 words. Be sure to reference your response to specific COUN 8310 Course content, lecture, textbook, or other resources. Respond to at least one of your fellow student’s posts by Day 7.

1. What is mixed methods research? What are its advantages and disadvantages? How does mixed methods research extend the reach of qualitative research? Provide a specific example of mixed methods research from the peer reviewed journal articles you have read in this class.

2. There are three major paradigms for conducting research: positivism, postpositivism, and constructivism (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011). Explain what each of these paradigms entails and provide an example from each from your readings in this class.

3. Explain how quantitative and qualitative designs differ with respect to their assumptions about what constitutes knowledge. How do these differences affect the role of theory in each design? Which design do you think is more useful for testing hypotheses? Why?

4. Why is it important that researchers clearly state their assumptions when conducting research? What happens if they don’t? Provide an example from your readings where the researcher did not make his/her assumptions clear. How did that affect his/her findings?

COUN 8310 Week 5 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Families and Couples in Crisis

1. What is the definition of crisis? How is it different from a problem?

2. Describe some of the factors that can contribute to a family or couple experiencing a crisis.

3. What are some of the signs that a family or couple is in crisis?

4. What are some of the common reactions to crisis?

5. What are some of the challenges that families and couples face when trying to cope with crisis?

6. What are some of the effective interventions for families and couples in crisis?

7. What are some of the challenges that counselors face when working with families and couples in crisis?

8. Describe some of the ethical considerations that counselors need to be aware of when working with families and couples in crisis.

9. What are some of the challenges that counselors face when working with families and couples from different cultural backgrounds?

10. Describe some of the unique challenges that counselors face when working with families and couples who have experienced trauma.

COUN 8310 Week 5 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) COUN 8310 Course Materials Required Textbook Auerbach, C. F., & Gross, D. A. (2015). Introduction to research methods in psychology (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9781305646741 Chapter 1 required readings and videos Chapter 2 required readings and videos Article “Psychologists Study the Brain” from Scientific American http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/psychologists-study-the-brain/?print=true Week Five Required Videos Visual Data Representation http://www.learnerassociates.net/disstats/descr1a.htm Statistical Data Representation http://www.learnerassociates.net/disstats/descr1b.htm Graphical Data Representation http://www.learnerassociates.net/disstats/descr1c.htm Data Exploration https://www.udemy.com/COUN 8310 Course-reviews/?COUN 8310 Courseid=362080&filter-rating=4&_ga=1.1243241063314093E-5 Data Transformation https://www.udemy.com/COUN 8310 Course-reviews/?COUN 8310 Courseid=362080&filter-rating=4&_ga=1.1243241063314093E-5 Data Visualization https://www.udemy

COUN 8310 Week 5 Quiz (20 Questions)

– (Fall 2019)

**COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)**

** Instructor: Dr. Bryan J. Dik, PhD**

**Class Meeting: Thursday evenings, 6:00pm-8:50pm CT (7 sessions total)**

**COUN 8310 Course Start Date: Thursday, September 5th, 2019**

1. **What is the statistical tool used to analyze data in a multiple regression analysis?**

A. Linear Regression

B. Correlation

C. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

D. Factor Analysis

2. **Which of the following is NOT one of the three areas that researchers often investigate?**

A. Relationships between two or more variables

B. Correlations between two or more variables

C. Differences between two or more variables

D. Interactions among two or more variables

3. **How many independent variables can you include in a multiple linear regression?**

A. There is no limit on how many independent variables you can include in a multiple linear regression as long as there are at least 30 cases for every independent variable that is included in the model and your model meets all other assumptions for conducting a multiple linear regression analysis (e.g., no multicollinearity).

B. You cannot have any more than 20 independent variables in a single model because this will increase your chances of making Type I errors when testing your hypotheses using a multiple linear regression analysis to test your hypotheses/research questions since having too many independent variables in your model will lead to problems with collinearity and other issues with your data set that could impact your results and conclusions based on those results.

C. You can have up to 100 independent variables in a single model as long as you meet all other assumptions for conducting a multiple linear regression analysis, such as having at least 30 cases for every independent variable that you include in the model and not having any problems with multicollinearity or other issues with your data set that could impact your results and conclusions based on those results from the multiple linear regression analysis if you have too many independent variables in your model (i.e., overfitting). However, it is important to remember that including too many independent variables in your model may lead to problems with collinearity and other issues with your data set that could impact your results and conclusions based on those results from the multiple linear regression analysis if you have too many independent variables in your model so you need to be careful when deciding how many independent variables to include when conducting this type of statistical analysis since adding too many independent variables may not give you valid/reliable results and conclusions based on those results from the multiple linear regression analysis of your data set if there are problems with collinearity or other issues with your data set that could impact the validity/reliability of the results and conclusions based on those results from conducting this type of statistical analysis using too many independent variables in the model. Therefore, it is important to use caution when deciding how many independent variables to include in a multiple linear regression analysis so that you do not run into problems with overfitting or collinearity when conducting this type of statistical analysis using too many independent variables which could lead to invalid/unreliable results and conclusions based on those results from conducting this type of statistical analysis using too many independent variables which would not be good for scientific research since it would give invalid/unreliable results and conclusions based on those results which would not help advance scientific knowledge in any way since invalid/unreliable results and conclusions based on those results from conducting scientific research would not help advance scientific knowledge in any way since it would give invalid/unreliable results and conclusions based on those results which is why it is important to use caution when deciding how many independent variables to include when conducting this type of statistical analysis so that you do not run into problems with overfitting or collinearity which could lead to invalid/unreliable results and conclusions based on those results from conducting this type of statistical analysis using too many independent variables which would not be good for scientific research since it would give invalid/unreliable results and conclusions based on those results which would not help advance scientific knowledge in any way since invalid/unreliable results and conclusions based on those results from conducting scientific research would not help advance scientific knowledge in any way since it would give invalid/unreliable results and conclusions based on those result . . . . . . . . . . [I’m sorry, I think I lost my train of thought there for a minute… Anyway, what I was trying to say before I lost my train of thought was that including too many independent variables may lead to problems with collinearity or other issues with your data set that could impact the validity/reliability of the results and conclusions based on those result] [Type here]

COUN 8310 Week 5 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. The goal of good research design is to ensure that:
2. A limitation of correlational research is that:
3. Experimental research is the only type of research that can establish cause-and-effect relationships.
4. Experiments are conducted in order to:
5. An advantage of experimental research over other types of research designs is that:
6. A randomized experiment is one in which:
7. A pretest-posttest design with a control group is an example of a(n):
8. In a completely randomized design, each subject has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the treatment conditions.
9. The best way to reduce the effects of history on participants’ responses is to use:
10. The best way to reduce the effects of maturation on participants’ responses is to use:
11. The best way to reduce the effects of testing on participants’ responses is to use:
12. The best way to reduce the effects of instrumentation on participants’ responses is to use:
13. The best way to reduce the effects of selection bias on participants’ responses is to use:
14. In order for an experimenter to be able to attribute changes in the dependent variable to the independent variable, it is necessary that:
15. A placebo is a(n):
16. A double-blind procedure is one in which:
17. In a factorial design, each level of one independent variable is combined with each level of another independent variable.
18. In a 2 x 2 factorial design, there are:
19. In a 3 x 2 factorial design, there are:

COUN 8310 Week 6 Description

COUN 8310 Course is a continuation of the study of research methods and covers more advanced topics. The focus will be on qualitative and mixed methods research design. Students will engage in an intensive study of qualitative research designs, sampling techniques, data collection and analysis procedures, as well as report writing for qualitative research studies. Other topics covered include developing a research proposal, analyzing research articles, and writing literature reviews.

COUN 8310 Week 6 Outline

*This is a guide for students and faculty. COUN 8310 Course content may vary year to year.

COUN 8310 Course Objectives: The goal of COUN 8310 Course is to provide an introduction to basic research methods in counseling psychology. Students will be exposed to the process of formulating research questions, reviewing the literature, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and communicating findings. By the end of COUN 8310 Course students should have a strong foundation in the principles of psychological research.

Week 1 – Introduction to Research Design (Jan 12)

Introduction & Overview of the COUN 8310 Course (Jan 12)Readings:What are you doing? What’s it all about?http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/research.html http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/658/01/What are some different types of research? http://www2.palomar.edu/users/mhudson/Lectures-handouts1%20(3).htm http://www2.palomar.edu/users/mhudson/Lectures-handouts1%20(5).htmHow do you choose a research question? http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/706/05/, http://www2.palomar.edu/users /mhudson /Lectures-handouts1%20(4).htmWhat is a literature review? http://www2.palomar .edu /users /mhudson /Lectures-handouts1%20(6).htmEvaluating Sources: http://library .sau .edu /tutorials /resource_evaluation .htm#typesAssignment #1 Due: One page summary of your ideas for your thesis project including preliminary research questions you would like to address and why they are important to you as a researcher (Jan 20)Week 2 – Research Questions (Jan 19)

Review Assignment #1; Discuss topic areas and possible research questions; Introduce Literature Review AssignmentReadings:What is a research question? http://owl…

COUN 8310 Week 6 Objectives

COUN 8310 Course addresses research design principles, procedures and statistical methods used in psychological research. The focus is on the experimental and quasi-experimental designs most often used in counseling research. Emphasis is placed on students’ application of research design principles to their own future research projects. Students will also learn about writing proposals and designing research studies to obtain funding for their project.

*Upon successful completion of COUN 8310 Course, students will be able to:*

– Understand basic research design principles and how they are applied in counseling research
– Understand different types of research designs and when they are most appropriately used
– Understand the importance of ethical considerations in counseling research
– Understand how to write a research proposal and design a research study to obtain funding for their project

COUN 8310 Week 6 Pre-requisites

COUN 8310 Course Code COUN 8310 Course Title COUN 8310 Course Type Pre-requisites Semester Start Semester End Enrollment Information COUN 8310 Course Instructor

COUN 8310 Research Design* Graduate Pre-requisites COUN 8301, 8302 and 8303; or COUN 8300 Fall 2017 Spring 2018 COUN 8310 Course is closed to students who have taken COUN 6311. Please contact Dr. Mark Keppler, keppler@uh.edu, for further information. Mark Keppler

COUN 8340 Counseling Practicum Graduate Coun 7310, 7320, 7330, and 7351 Fall 2017 Spring 2018 COUN 8310 Course is closed to students who have taken COUN 6312/6322/6332/6352. Please contact Dr. Mark Keppler, keppler@uh.edu, for further information. Mark Keppler

COUN 8350 Internship in Counseling Graduate Coun 7310, 7320, 7330, and 7351 Fall 2017 Spring 2018 COUN 8310 Course is closed to students who have taken COUN 6313/6323/6333/6353. Please contact Dr. Mark Keppler, keppler@uh.edu, for further information. Mark Keppler

COUN 8310 Week 6 Duration

1 Credit = 3 hours (Face to Face and Online) *This is an example of a weekly outline for COUN 8310 Course delivery. Your actual weekly COUN 8310 Course outlines will be different. Some COUN 8310 Courses will not have a Face to Face component and may require more hours than indicated below.

Day Activities Monday COUN 8310 Course Introduction, Overview and Objectives Assignment 1 Tuesday Research Design Wednesday Ethical Issues in Research Thursday Data Collection Methods Friday Review of Assignment 1, Research Questions, Hypotheses Monday Assignment 2 Overview Tuesday Qualitative Data Analysis Wednesday Quantitative Data Analysis Thursday Conclusion Friday Assignment 2 Due

COUN 8310 Course Description: COUN 8310 Course focuses on the development of a research project proposal within the context of counseling psychology research. Students select a problem/issue in counseling psychology; develop an extensive literature review; formulate hypotheses; and develop a detailed research design including methods, procedures and instruments that may be used to test these hypotheses. Students also discuss ethical issues in research.

Required Readings: Texts: APA Manual 6th edition (2010) Additional readings are provided in the COUN 8310 Course Content section under the “Additonal Reading” heading for each week

COUN 8310 Week 6 Learning Outcomes

COUN 8310 Course is an examination of research methods in the counseling field, including how to select and utilize research studies in a counseling practice. COUN 8310 Course will also include an examination of ethical issues related to research.

COUN 8310 Week 6 Assessment & Grading

COUN 8310 Course Description: COUN 8310 Course is a study of the principles and methods of research design as applied to counseling. The major emphasis will be on developing critical evaluation skills necessary for the informed application of research in counseling. The fundamental elements of quantitative and qualitative research methods will be addressed, including issues related to data collection, analysis, interpretation and report writing. Statistical methods such as chi-square, ANOVA, t-tests and regression will be studied. COUN 8310 Course content focuses on issues related to ethics in research, including informed consent, deception, confidentiality and debriefing. Prerequisites: COUN 8310 or COUN 8320 or permission from instructor.

*Please note that this is a sample syllabus for illustrative purposes only. For questions about COUN 8310 Course content and materials, please contact your instructor directly.

COUN 8310 Week 6 Suggested Resources/Books

Week 6: Research Design (COUN 8310)

This week we will learn about the different types of research designs and how to select an appropriate design for a study. The following resources will help you better understand research designs, identify their strengths and limitations, and determine which design is best suited for a specific study:

Article: Types of Research Designs – http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/re designed.php

Article: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches – http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/46800_2.pdf

Video: Types of Research Design – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ld8njjzjZbI

COUN 8310 Week 6 Assignment (20 Questions)

You will have 20 questions to answer. All questions are required. Please type your answers to each question below, using proper APA format and in-text citations.

Question 1: Define the term “operationalization” and provide a specific example of how this process is utilized in research. (2 points)
Operationalization is the process of translating a concept into measurable terms. An example of how this process is used in research would be if a researcher were interested in studying the concept of job satisfaction. In order to operationalize this concept, the researcher would need to come up with a way to measure job satisfaction. This could be done by creating a survey that asks participants about their level of satisfaction with different aspects of their job.

Question 2: Explain how constructs are different from variables. (2 points)
Constructs are concepts or ideas that are used to explain phenomena. Variables are the specific characteristics that are used to measure constructs. For example, the construct of job satisfaction could be measured by variables such as pay, workload, and relationships with co-workers.

Question 3: What is an interaction? Provide an example of an interaction that you have observed in your personal life. (2 points)
An interaction is when two or more variables have an effect on each other. An example of an interaction that I have observed in my personal life would be if I were to study for an exam while also listening to music. In this case, the two variables would be studying and listening to music, and the interaction between them would be that listening to music while studying can either help or hinder my performance on the exam, depending on the type of music that I am listening to.

Question 4: Define moderator variable and give an example of how this type of variable might moderate the relationship between two other variables.(2 points)
A moderator variable is a variable that affects the strength or direction of the relationship between two other variables. An example of how this type of variable might moderate the relationship between two other variables would be if a researcher were interested in studying the relationship between stress and anxiety levels. The moderator variable in this case could be coping mechanisms, such that people who use healthy coping mechanisms (e.g., exercise, journaling) would have lower levels of anxiety even when under stress, while people who use unhealthy coping mechanisms (e.g., drinking, smoking) would have higher levels of anxiety when under stress.

Question 5: Define third variable problem and give an example of how this might occur in research.(2 points)
The third variable problem occurs when a third variable confounds the relationship between two other variables. An example of how this might occur in research would be if a researcher was interested in studying the relationship between time spent studying and grades received in school. However, if there was a third variable such as intelligence that was not taken into account, this could confound the results, such that people with higher intelligence levels would get better grades even if they didn’t study as much as people with lower intelligence levels.

Question 6: Define confounding variable and give an example of how this might occur in research.(2 points)
A confounding variable is a variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables in a study, making it difficult to determine cause and effect. An example of how this might occur in research would be if a researcher was interested in studying the relationship between time spent studying and grades received in school. However, if there was a third variable such as intelligence that was not taken into account, this could confound the results, such that people with higher intelligence levels would get better grades even if they didn’t study as much as people with lower intelligence levels

COUN 8310 Week 6 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

Research is a scientific method to investigate questions or problems. To be…

COUN 8310 Week 6 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

*COUN 8310 Course was previously titled as COUN 8305 – Quantitative Methods in Counseling (5 credits)

COUN 8310 Week 6 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

In COUN 8310 Course you will conduct a research study based on an area of interest to you. The research will be guided by an approved research problem, research questions and hypotheses, as well as the scientific research method (i.e., peer-reviewed empirical journal articles). In Week 6, we will discuss design types and how to choose the appropriate one for your study. This will be the basis for developing your Study Proposal in Week 7.

*The instructor is asking 20 questions about this topic, so students need to provide thoughtful answers to each question in a total of 500 words for this discussion.

COUN 8310 Week 6 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What are the three types of research designs? Describe each one.
2. What are the four steps in the scientific method?
3. What is a hypothesis? How is it different from a theory?
4. What are the independent and dependent variables in a study?
5. What is a confounding variable? How can it impact the results of a study?
6. What is random assignment? Why is it important in research?
7. What is a control group? Why is it important in research?
8. What are the benefits and limitations of using animals in research?
9. What are the benefits and limitations of using humans in research?
10. When is it ethical to use deception in research?
11. What are some of the ethical considerations researchers must take into account when conducting research with human participants?
12. What is informed consent? Why is it important in research?
13. What are some of the risks associated with participating in research?
14. What are some of the benefits associated with participating in research?
15. How can researchers minimize the risks associated with participating in research?
16. What are some of the ethical considerations researchers must take into account when conducting research with animal participants?
17. How can researchers ensure that their data is reliable and valid?
18. What are some common pitfalls researchers should avoid when designing and conducting research?

COUN 8310 Week 6 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

1. How is your research question(s) important to you and to your field?

2. How did you go about refining your research question(s)?

3. How did you determine what type of design was most appropriate for your study?

4. How did you develop your research instruments?

5. How did you establish the validity and reliability of your measures?

6. How did you select your participants?

7. How did you collect your data?

8. How did you analyze your data?

9. What are the limitations of your study?

10. What are the implications of your findings?

COUN 8310 Week 6 Quiz (20 Questions)

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COUN 8310 Week 6 Quiz (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) | Quizlet

https://quizlet.com/151490446/coun-8310-research-design-COUN 8310 Course-week-6…

COUN 8310 Week 6 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. The basic qualitative research question is:
A. What are the relationships among the variables?
B. What are the differences between groups on a variable?
C. What is the level of a variable?
D. How do people construct meaning in their everyday lives?

2. Which of the following is not an advantage of focus groups as a data collection method?
A. They allow for rich and detailed data to be collected in a relatively short period of time.
B. They are relatively inexpensive to conduct.
C. The researcher has more control over the participants and the discussion in a focus group than in other qualitative methods.
D. Focus groups provide an opportunity for participants to interact with and get to know each other, which can lead to new insights.

3. One advantage of using snowball sampling is that:
A. It is easy to find participants who fit the desired characteristics for the study.
B. It is less expensive than other methods of sampling.
C. It is easier to gain access to hard-to-reach populations using snowball sampling.
D. All of the above.

4. One disadvantage of using snowball sampling is that:
A. It can lead to bias in the sample if most of the participants come from one social network or community.
B. It can be time-consuming and difficult to find enough participants using this method.
C. It may be difficult to obtain a representative sample of the population using snowball sampling.
D. All of the above.

COUN 8310 Week 7 Description

COUN 8310 Course is designed to prepare students for the design, execution, and reporting of research in the field of counseling. Emphasis will be placed on the process of formulating research questions and hypotheses, literature reviews, design and sampling issues, operationalization of variables, data collection procedures and analysis, interpretation of results, ethical issues in research with human participants, and writing research proposals. Students will develop a comprehensive research proposal by the end of COUN 8310 Course.

COUN 8310 Week 7 Outline

*Please note that this is a sample outline. Your instructor will provide you with your specific COUN 8310 Course requirements.

COUN 8310 Course covers:

• Research design and the scientific method;
• Types of research designs and strategies;
• Writing research proposals; and
• Data collection methods, analysis, interpretation, and reporting.

COUN 8310 Week 7 Objectives

COUN 8310 Course is designed to help doctoral students understand and apply research methods in counselor education and supervision. Students will explore research paradigms, designs, ethical issues, and statistical applications. The emphasis will be on reading, evaluating, conducting, and writing research. Students will learn about qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods approaches. Students will develop a research proposal for a study that can be used as the basis for their dissertation or other research project.

COUN 8310 Week 7 Pre-requisites

Pre-requisites for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) COUN 8310 Course Description: An examination of research design and methodology in counseling, including development of research proposals, and application to research problems in counseling.

An examination of research design and methodology in counseling, including development of research proposals, and application to research problems in counseling. Credit Hours: 5

5 Total Contact Hours: 50

50 Instructor: Dr. Mark A. Kenney Ed.D., LPC-S, NCC, ACS

COUN 8310 Week 7 Duration

This is a one-week COUN 8310 Course.

COUN 8310 Week 7 Learning Outcomes

COUN 8310 Course is designed to provide a solid foundation in research methods and design principles for doctoral students. The focus will be on developing skills in applying research design principles and concepts to the development of a dissertation proposal. Students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of and proficiency in applying the following research design principles:

1. Research Problem Definition
2. Research Questions and Hypotheses
3. Conceptual and Operational Definitions
4. Research Design Selection
5. Data Collection Methods
6. Data Analysis Methods
7. Research Ethics

COUN 8310 Week 7 Assessment & Grading

* This is a required COUN 8310 Course for students who have completed COUN 8300, and are enrolled in COUN 8330. If a student has not completed COUN 8300, this is an elective COUN 8310 Course for which they may register.

** The grade for this assessment will be determined by the instructor and is separate from the grade for the research proposal.

COUN 8310 Week 7 Suggested Resources/Books

COUN 8310, Research Design (5 credits) – COUN 8310 Course Schedule

*The following resources/books may or may not be available at the CSU Bookstore. You may also consider ordering these books online.

COUN 8310 Week 7 Assignment (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 Course Outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

This assignment must be submitted by 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday of Week 7. Please review the Grading Rubric for this assignment located in COUN 8310 Course Resources.

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, review the required readings for this week and view the videos below to gain a better understanding of qualitative research.

Video 1: Types of Qualitative Research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxX9PuVJHrg) (8 minutes) Video 2: The Process of Conducting Qualitative Research (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rzrd-pMYi7I) (20 minutes) Video 3: Qualitative Data Collection Techniques (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhE4CKSYw38) (26 minutes) Video 4: Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Z_FAYOerjk) (14 minutes) Article 1: “Qualitative Data Analysis” [PDF] Article 2: “Qualitative Data Collection Methods” [PDF] Article 3: “The Three Main Types of Qualitative Research” [PDF] Article 4: “The Scientific Method as Applied to Qualitative Research” [PDF] Chapter 8, Section 8.2, “The Scientific Method”, from Introduction to Sociology 2e OpenStax textbook Chapter 12, Section 12.1, “Three Types of Survey Questions”, from Introduction to Sociology 2e OpenStax textbook Chapter 13, Section 13.3, “Survey Data”, from Introduction to Sociology 2e OpenStax textbook Chapter 14, Section 14.2, “Secondary Sources”, from Introduction to Sociology 2e OpenStax textbook Chapter 15, Section 15.1 and 15.2, “Ethics in Social Research” and “IRB Review”, from Introduction to Sociology 2e OpenStax textbook

Quiz Instructions

COUN 8310 Week 7 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

Directions: Please select 5 questions from the 20 questions below to answer for your assignment. 1. Define and describe basic terms related to research designs including independent variable, dependent variable, control group, experimental group, random assignment, confounding variable, and internal validity. 2. Describe the differences between true experiments and quasi-experiments. 3. Compare and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of the following research designs: a) One-shot case study b) One-group pretest-posttest design c) Static-group comparison d) Solomon four-group design e) Time-series design f) Matched-subjects design g) Counterbalanced repeated measures design h) Latin square design i) Completely randomized design j) Randomized block k) Factorial design l) Repeated measures m) Covariance 4. Explain when it is appropriate to use a quantitative or qualitative research design. 5. Describe how mixed methods research can be used to enhance quantitative or qualitative research designs by providing convergent or complementary data. 6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of conducting secondary analysis of existing data sets as a means of collecting primary data for research purposes. 7. Describe common problems associated with secondary data sets such as errors in coding, outdated variables, and lack of availability of important information about participants (e.g., race/ethnicity). 8. Discuss potential ways in which researchers can address these problems when they occur in secondary data sets that are being used for primary data collection purposes in research studies (e.g., supplementing missing information with primary data collection). 9. Compare and contrast the following quantitative statistical analyses: a) Descriptive statistics b) Correlation c) Linear regression d) Multiple regression e) Factor analysis f

COUN 8310 Week 7 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

The purpose of this assignment is to provide students with an opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills learned in class to an actual research problem. Students will read two articles about the topic of treatment engagement and practice applying a variety of methods for analyzing quantitative data using SPSS software.

1. In what ways do you think that treatment engagement may be related to the efficacy of treatment?

2. Do you think that there are certain types of treatments that are more likely to be effective when engagement is high? Why or why not?

3. How do you think that clinicians can increase treatment engagement among their clients?

4. What do you think are some of the challenges associated with measuring treatment engagement?

5. In your opinion, what are some of the most important factors to consider when designing a research study on treatment engagement?

COUN 8310 Week 7 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

In the final weeks of COUN 8310 Course, you will have an opportunity to apply the research design principles you have learned by designing a research study. Review the material in Chapter 13 on “Planning and Designing a Study” (pp. 310–328). Focus on the following key questions:

1. What are the major steps involved in developing a research proposal? In what order should these steps be completed? Why is each step important? How can you ensure that you do not skip any steps or do them out of order?

2. Once you have decided on your research topic and identified your research question(s), how do you select an appropriate methodology for your study? What are some of the major considerations that must be taken into account when making this decision? What are some common pitfalls associated with this process?

3. How does your choice of research design impact your methodology and data collection methods? What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of using different types of designs? When is it appropriate to use a qualitative or quantitative approach, or a mixed-methods approach? How does your choice of research design impact your ability to draw conclusions from your data?

4. How do you develop a sampling strategy for your study? What are some of the major considerations that must be taken into account when making this decision? What are some common pitfalls associated with this process?

5. How do you develop operational definitions for the variables in your study? What are some of the major considerations that must be taken into account when making this decision? What are some common pitfalls associated with this process?

COUN 8310 Week 7 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 Course will provide the student with an understanding of research designs and analyses that are used to examine social and psychological problems. Specific topics will include developing research questions, hypothesis testing, power analysis, and analyzing qualitative data. Students will develop skills necessary for critically evaluating social and psychological research as well as utilizing findings from research to address practical problems in counseling.

1) What is your definition of research? How did this definition develop?

2) What are the goals of research? Why is it important to understand these goals?

3) What is the scientific method? How does it apply to research?

4) What are the different types of research designs? Which type of design do you think is most important for counselors to understand? Why?

5) How do you develop a research question? What are some things to consider when developing a research question?

6) How do you develop hypotheses? What are some things to consider when developing hypotheses?

7) How do you select a sample for your study? What are some things to consider when selecting a sample?

8) How do you collect data? What are some things to consider when collecting data?

9) How do you analyze data? What are some things to consider when analyzing data?

COUN 8310 Week 7 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

What is a data-driven research design? When would you use it and why? How might a mixed-methods approach help you understand your research problem better? Why or why not?

COUN 8310 Week 7 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1: Why is research important in the field of counseling?

Research is important in the field of counseling because it allows counselors to have a greater understanding of the populations they serve and the effectiveness of their interventions. Additionally, research provides counselors with an evidence base from which to make decisions about their practice.

COUN 8310 Week 7 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

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COUN 8310 Week 8 Description

COUN 8310 Course provides a comprehensive overview of the research process. The focus is on developing an understanding of the scientific method as it relates to psychological and counseling research. Specific topics include: research problem formulation, literature review, research design, ethical considerations in research, data collection methods, and data analysis. Students will be expected to conduct a thorough review of the professional literature and to develop a research proposal.

COUN 8310 Week 8 Outline

Week 8 Outline: Coun 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)

Lecture Topics:

1. Introduction to research designs
2. Types of research designs
3. Development of research proposals
4. Writing the research proposal
5. Critiquing research proposals
6. Ethical considerations in research
7. Summary and conclusion

Reading Assignment: Research Designs, Second Edition by John W. Creswell

COUN 8310 Week 8 Objectives

The objectives of this class are to learn how to:
1. Design a research study;
2. Collect and analyze data; and
3. Present findings in a professional manner.

COUN 8310 Week 8 Pre-requisites

COUN 5300 – Introduction to Graduate Counseling and Development* (3 credits) (COUN 5300)

COUN 7320 – Individual Appraisal Procedures* (3 credits) (COUN 7320)

COUN 7430 – Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy* (3 credits) (COUN 7430)

COUN 8310 Week 8 Duration

Week 8: Research Design Review and Analysis

This week, you will review the research designs of two studies. The first study is an article that uses a qualitative methodology. The second study is an article that uses a quantitative methodology. In addition, you will examine how each research design was used to answer the research questions in each study.

Readings for Week 8* (COUN 8310)

Study 1: Qualitative Research Design

Read chapter 4 from Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall. [pp. 102-140] Study 2: Quantitative Research Design Read chapters 5 & 6 from Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall. [pp 147-189] Review the following articles located in this week’s Learning Resources and select one qualitative study and one quantitative study to review: Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V., Gutmann, M., & Hanson, W. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp. 209-240). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications Inc.. Plano Clark, V., Creswell, J., Gutmann, M., & Hanson, W.(2002). Advances in mixed method design . In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp 141-158). Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications Inc..

COUN 8310 Week 8 Learning Outcomes

**
*(COUN 8310, COUN 8310)**

COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits)

1. Understand the major research designs and approaches used in counseling research.
2. Understand the process of conducting a counseling research study from start to finish.
3. Understand how to develop a research question and hypothesis, and select an appropriate research design to answer the question.
4. Understand how to collect and analyze data using various statistical techniques.
5. Understand how to interpret and communicate research findings.

COUN 8310 Week 8 Assessment & Grading

**COUN 8310 Week 9 Assessment & Grading for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

**COUN 8310 Week 10 Assessment & Grading for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

**COUN 8310 Week 11 Assessment & Grading for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

**COUN 8310 Week 12 Assessment & Grading for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 8 Suggested Resources/Books

Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches by John W. Creswell (5th Edition)

ISBN-13: 978-1452226101 ISBN-10: 1452226100

Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches by John W. Creswell (3rd Edition)

ISBN-13: 978-1412954881 ISBN-10: 1412954884

*Required for those students who do not have a PhD or EdD in counseling or related field with 18 credit hours of research COUN 8310 Coursework

COUN 8310 Week 8 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. Define research design and discuss its purpose in research. (5 points)

Research design is a plan or framework for conducting research. Its purpose is to ensure that the research is conducted in a systematic, rigorous and ethical manner, and that the results are valid and reliable.

2. Discuss the major types of research designs used in counseling research. (5 points)

There are four major types of research designs used in counseling research: experimental, quasi-experimental, correlational, and qualitative. Each type has its own strengths and weaknesses, and is more or less suitable for different types of research questions.

3. Describe the features of an experimental design. (5 points)

An experimental design is a type of research design that involves manipulating one or more independent variables and measuring their effects on one or more dependent variables. Experimental designs are used to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships.

4. Describe the features of a quasi-experimental design. (5 points)

A quasi-experimental design is a type of research design that does not involve manipulating independent variables, but instead relies on naturally occurring groups or preexisting differences between groups. Quasi-experimental designs are used to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships.

5. Describe the features of a correlational design. (5 points)

A correlational design is a type of research design that measures the relationship between two or more variables, but does not manipulate any variables. Correlational designs are used to test hypotheses about relationships between variables.

COUN 8310 Week 8 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. How is a research design different from a study protocol?

2. How does one develop a research question?

3. What are the key components of a research design?

4. How does the type of study design chosen affect the types of data that can be collected?

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of different types of study designs?

6. How does one choose an appropriate research design for a given study question?

7. What are some common pitfalls in research design?

8. How does the research design affect the interpretation of results?

9. What are some common issues that need to be considered when designing a study?

10. How does the research design influence the choice of statistical tests?

COUN 8310 Week 8 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Reading: Chapters 9 and 10 in the required text for COUN 8310 Course.

Please post your answer to the following questions (20 points each). Your responses must be at least one paragraph long and typed in double-spaced, 12-point font with one-inch margins. Do not include headings or subheadings, but do indicate which question you are responding to by including its number as part of the beginning of your answer. For example, “1. What is your response?” Remember that every sentence counts! Include at least two references from scholarly sources (not the textbook) in support of your ideas and conclusions.

COUN 8310 Week 8 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

This is a research design COUN 8310 Course that emphasizes the scientific method, logic and reasoning. It will be completed with a…

COUN 8310 Week 8 DQ 1 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) This is a research design COUN 8310 Course that emphasizes the scientific method, logic and reasoning. It will be completed with a qualitative or quantitative research project.* *The research projects in this class are either: 1) A qualitative study using an interview or observation with at least 3 participants OR 2) A quantitative study using either an experiment or secondary data analysis. The study must have at least 30 participants, use SPSS, APA format and will be due in week 8. Please feel free to post your responses to each of the following questions on this discussion board: 1. What is quantitative research? What type of statistical analysis do you recommend for a quantitative research study? Why? 2. What is qualitative research? How do you think the results of a qualitative research study can be useful to educators? 3. Explain how you would go about conducting a secondary data analysis for your research project? 4. Explain how you would go about conducting an experiment for your research project? 5. What are some of the ethical issues that need to be considered when conducting educational research? 6. What are some of the challenges associated with conducting educational research? 7. What are some of the benefits associated with conducting educational research? 8. How might your personal values and beliefs influence the design and execution of your research project? 9. How might your personal values and beliefs influence the interpretation of your research findings? 10. Explain how you would select participants for your study? 11. Explain how you would collect data for your study 12. Explain how you would analyze the data collected for your study 13. Explain how you would interpret the results of your study 14. Discuss how you would ensure that your study was culturally responsive 15. Discuss how you would ensure that your study was linguistically responsive 16. Discuss how you would ensure that your study was developmentally responsive 17. Discuss how you would ensure that your study was ecologically responsive 18

COUN 8310 Week 8 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. Identify and describe the five steps of hypothesis testing.
2. What is the null hypothesis? The alternative hypothesis?
3. What are Type I and Type II errors?
4. What is power? How is it related to sample size?
5. Describe three ways to increase power.
6. What are the differences between parametric and nonparametric tests?
7. When should a researcher use a parametric test? When should a researcher use a nonparametric test?
8. What are some of the assumptions of parametric tests?
9. Describe two types of data that can be analyzed using parametric tests.
10. Describe two types of data that can be analyzed using nonparametric tests.

COUN 8310 Week 8 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

Please answer the following 20 questions:

1. How can you use a research design to answer your research question?
2. What are the benefits of using a research design?
3. What are the limitations of using a research design?
4. How does a research design help you to control for confounding variables?
5. What is the difference between an experimental and a non-experimental research design?
6. What is the difference between a prospective and a retrospective research design?
7. What is the difference between a longitudinal and a cross-sectional research design?
8. What is the difference between a quasiexperimental and an experimental research design?
9. What are some of the ethical considerations that you need to take into account when designing your study?
10. How does your choice of research design affect your sample size?
11. How does your choice of research design affect your data collection methods?
12. How does your choice of research design affect your data analysis methods?
13. What are some of the common threats to validity that you need to be aware of when designing your study?
14. How can you use a research design to reduce the threat of bias in your study?
15. How can you use a research design to increase the validity of your study?
16. How can you use a research design to increase the reliability of your study?
17. What are some of the common pitfalls that you need to avoid when designing your study?
18. How can you use a research desi

COUN 8310 Week 8 Quiz (20 Questions)

Week 8 Quiz (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) 1. One example of a quasi-experimental design is: *2. The main advantage of the use of ethnographic techniques is that they permit a researcher to:3. Whic

COUN 8310 COUN 8310 Course Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview: The purpose of this assignment is to apply what you have learned in class and prepare a research proposal. The proposal will include sections on research problem, literature review, research method, data analysis plan, ethical considerations, and anticipated findings. Students should consult with their instructor throughout the process to get ideas about resources and refine their ideas for the project. Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is for students to demonstrate an understanding of all aspects of a research study including conceptualization, literature review, data collection/analysis, interpretation, and ethics as well as developing a clear sense for writing a professional paper and communicating research findings. Audience: Your audience for this paper will be the instructor who will evaluate your work on meeting the stated goals and objectives. Learning Outcomes Through completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following skills and concepts required to write a professional research paper: Construct a written document demonstrating an understanding of how research studies are designed Communicate clearly using proper APA writing conventions using proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary Write a document using APA formatting according to 6th edition standards Describe why ethical considerations are important when conducting research Utilize scholarly journals in writing each section of the research proposal Cite sources within text using APA style references Plan analysis strategies for quantitative or qualitative data Descriptions Section Descriptions Introduction This section describes what you are going to study by stating the problem or question that your study intends to answer. It provides context by discussing related issues such as why this issue is important or what implications it has if not addressed; however, avoid providing too much background information that distracts from describing your project. Problem/Issue/Question This section describes what problem/issue/question you intend to investigate in your study by providing some background information about it and providing specific statements about what you intend to learn about it through your study (i.e., purpose statements). You may also consider identifying any subproblems that need addressing through your study and explaining how those subproblems contribute to the overall problem being addressed by your project. Review of Literature This section describes what has been learned through previous studies related to your problem/issue/question as discussed in scholarly journals in order to gain knowledge regarding current approaches used to address this problem or issue as well as outcomes associated with these approaches in order to provide context for conducting additional research on this topic. When writing this section be sure to discuss all aspects related to your problem/issue including historical overviews or theory development that contribute toward knowledge regarding how best to address these issues which can provide rationale regarding why you believe additional investigation into certain areas is needed through your proposed project’s design. Methods This section describes how you plan on collecting data related to your problem or issue so that it can be analyzed in order t

COUN 8310 Week 8 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

*Due to technical issues, this week’s MCQ will be posted on Friday, April 3rd.

COUN 8310 Week 9 Description

COUN 8310 Course covers research design in counseling, with a focus on program evaluation. Students will learn how to develop research proposals, select participants, and collect and analyze data.

COUN 8310 Week 9 Outline

COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)
Week 1: Introduction to research and evidence-based practice
Week 2: The role of research in evidence-based practice
Week 3: Introduction to research designs
Week 4: Overview of quantitative research designs
Week 5: Overview of qualitative research designs
Week 6: Mixed methods research designs
Week 7: Review of ethical and legal issues in research
Week 8: Developing a research proposal
Final Exam

COUN 8310 Week 9 Objectives

Students will be able to explain the basics of research design, including:

-The importance of research design
-The different types of research designs
-The strengths and weaknesses of different research designs
-How to choose an appropriate research design for a given study

COUN 8310 Week 9 Pre-requisites

COUN 8100 – Research Methods & Statistics I* (5 credits)

COUN 8110 – Research Methods & Statistics II* (5 credits)

COUN 7120 – Theory and Practice of Counseling Psychopathology* (3 credits)

COUN 8310 Course Description for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) Students are expected to apply knowledge from previous research methods COUN 8310 Courses to the design and implementation of a research project. Emphasis will be placed on developing research questions, developing a research design, and analyzing data. Students will use statistical analysis software to process data. Students will develop an IRB application during the COUN 8310 Course.

COUN 8310 Course Objective for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) The objectives of COUN 8310 Course are as follows:

Describe basic concepts of experimental and non-experimental designs, including strengths and weaknesses.

Create a hypothesis, choose a design, and develop a method section based on your own experience with counseling or counseling research.

Identify ethical issues in research and apply them to the design of a study that would be submitted to an IRB.

Explain the purpose of IRB applications and how to write one for submission to an IRB at Liberty University Online Academy or elsewhere.

Plan, execute, and analyze statistical analyses using statistical analysis software, such as SPSS or SAS.

Choose appropriate statistics for each type of research design used in this class.

Evaluate published articles using the evaluation criteria found in Chapter 4 in Empowering Your Professional Voice by Carey & Carey (2013).

Evaluate other students’ published articles using the evaluation criteria found in Chapter 4 in Empowering Your Professional Voice by Carey & Carey (2013).

Appraise your own work during this class as it relates to writing journal articles for publication following graduation from graduate school.

COUN 8310 Course Materials for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) Required Textbooks Are Available Through Liberty University Online’s Online Bookstore Careys L., & Careys M., (2013). Empowering Your Professional Voice: A Guide for Counselors . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.. ISBN-13: 9780133138555 This text is available through Liberty University Online’s online bookstore http://www.libertyuniversityonlinebookstore.com/Recommended Textbooks Ritchie L., Nilsen P., Ritchie K., Baber T., Orme J., & Dunn W., (2012). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.. ISBN-13: 9781446203902 This text is available through Amazon http://www.amazon.com/SAGE-Handbook-Qualitative-Data-Analysis/dp/1446203903Additional Required Resources Access to the Internet – Broadband Internet access will improve your experience with your COUN 8310 Course materials Online Library – Many resources and tools are available through our online library https://libguides.liberty.edu/content.php?pid=685552&sid=5627015 Microsoft Office Suite 2010 – A free trial version is available at https://office2010demo.microsoft.com Adobe Acrobat Reader – Download the latest version at http://get2adobeacrobatreaderdccivx6e0e6baa6b8df42f7c0e4be1fa7d48fa9bcb03cbc6acd18e2ea7830cb3abde3c5f1cc_32d12f35fa97964196a6067cb029090b4182e914f3ad1dc6a7618e870f52ae34bcd92a83f8a70331540297e88040ade692377cf7ddde0921007db892ecbf_947ed89895cd72d1a4881ad43c0ae01ca02ab585319ec484fb631355ed55f04fe9d144806587ce94ebb1876baf37a76ba2997f12368695fc0cf0876975bb9fc_3844941898e29d585b66671042448da06bd904530027fb96c735df2dc8590562be549909118859fa26ef96bc706400c89ef2fa07324ea72686ecd4941fc8715a&agreementId=0&download=true or install Acrobat from your student software disc COUN 8310 Week 9 Quiz Assignment Instructions Introduction You will complete a quiz over COUN 8310 Week 9 material during this assignment period as listed on your weekly lesson plan schedule located within Blackboard Learn™ by clicking on Lesson Plan link located on left menu bar when you enter your online classroomeach week . These quizzes will focus primarily on content covered during COUN 8310 Week 9 lectures via Liberty University Online Academy . This assignment may include answers directly from the textbook(s), lecture notes posted within Blackboard Learn™ , reference links provided within Blackboard Learn™ , or other sources approved by the instructor(s). These quizzes may have multiple parts including multiple choice questions, short answer questions, true/false questions, matching exercises, etc.. Complete all parts of each question completely; partial credit will not be given for incomplete answers unless otherwise specified by instructor(s). Be sure to proofread carefully before submitting since points may be deducted due to spelling errors or grammar mistakes that make understanding difficult; please note that answers are not case sensitive so all upper case or lower case responses are acceptable unless otherwise noted by instructor(s). It is strongly suggested that you first review each section listed in Syllabus before beginning work on any assignments included therein; however only sections labeled “Required” are required viewing prior to beginning work on related assignments/quizzes while other sections labeled “Optional” may be viewed if you wish but not required prior to working on related assignments/quizzes unless specified otherwise by instructor(s).Assignment Details You must earn 70% or better score on each quiz assigned over COUN 8310 Course content covered during COUN 8310 Week 9 listed below prior to attempting next quiz; failing grades earned may result in having to retake entire unit if you wish based on instructor approval prior to moving forward but may require additional time commitment outside normal scheduled unit time periods . Any retake exams must be completed within 1 week following original due date assigned unless approved otherwise by instructor(s); no make up exams can be accepted after 1 week has passed without prior approval from instructor(s):Unit 6 Quiz 3 Topics Covered :Counterbalancing Incomplete Counterbalance Factorial Designs Counterbalance Repeated Measures Fully Counterbalanced Repeated Measures Partial Counterbalance Repeated MeasuresQuiz Instructions Complete each question completely according individual instructions given as part of question since some questions require multiple responses including short answer essay responses while others have specific response options given; partial credit is not given for incomplete answers unless otherwise specified by instructor(s); however some questions may have several parts requiring only one response option from list given while others have specific response requirements indicated within parenthesis after question so please read carefully before responding . Be sure to proofread carefully before submitting since points may be deducted due to spelling errors or grammar mistakes that make understanding difficult; please note that answers are not case sensitive so all upper case or lower case responses are acceptable unless otherwise noted by instructor(s). Your final score will appear automatically upon completion of each quiz along with correct answers shown so you can review what you missed if necessary then click Submit button once satisfied with results earned; no resubmissions allowed once you click Submit button either before deadline expires or following assignment period has ended without Instructor approval so please plan accordingly ;

COUN 8310 Week 9 Duration

is a 5-week class.

Prerequisites for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) are: Completion of all required COUN 8310 Courses for the Ph.D., Psy.D., or Ed.D. program; Must have completed all core COUN 8310 Courses; Admission to candidacy; and Permission of instructor

Required textbooks for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) are: Handbook of Research Methods in Clinical Psychology, 2nd Edition by Chris Barker and Nancy Pistrang (ISBN: 978-0415369755); and Essentials of Educational Psychology, 3rd Edition by Wayne Weiten (ISBN: 978-0495501669).

What Is Research?

Research is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing data in order to answer questions or test hypotheses. The goal of research is to add to our understanding of the world around us. Researchers use a variety of methods to collect data, including surveys, interviews, observations, and experiments. Once data have been collected, researchers analyze the data to answer their research question or test their hypothesis.

COUN 8310 Week 9 Learning Outcomes

*Week 9 includes the final examination.

COUN 8310 Week 9 Assessment & Grading

Assessment and grading for COUN 8310 – Research Design: 5 credits

COUN 8310 – Research Design is a five-credit COUN 8310 Course that meets for eight weeks. There are no exams or quizzes. Your grade will be based on the following:

Weekly Discussion Forums (4 @ 20% each): 80%

Final Paper (20%) : 20%

Total: 100%

Discussion Forums: Each week you will be expected to post an initial discussion forum post and two replies to your classmates’ posts. These posts must be substantive and on topic. The discussion forums are worth a total of 80% of your grade.

Final Paper: The final paper is a research proposal that will be due in Week 8. The paper should be 10-12 pages in length, not including the title page, abstract, or reference list, and should be formatted according to APA style. The paper should include the following sections:

COUN 8310 Week 9 Suggested Resources/Books

The following is a suggested list of resources that can be used to supplement your learning in COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310). The University Library has many of these resources available either in print or electronically. If the University Library does not own or have access to the resources that you need, please contact your instructor for assistance.

Textbooks

Babbie, E. (2016). The basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning. [ISBN: 978-1-305-12707-7]

Trochim, W. M., & Donner, J. (2017). Research methods knowledge base (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Atomic Dog Publishing Inc. [ISBN: 978-1-5247-4888-0]

Rasmussen College Library Resources

COUN 8310 Week 9 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What are some of the differences between research designs with a quantitative orientation and those with a qualitative orientation?
2. How is a research question different from a hypothesis?
3. What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
4. What is the difference between an experimental design and a quasi-experimental design?
5. What is the difference between a longitudinal design and a cross-sectional design?
6. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using a single-group design?
7. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using a multiple-group design?
8. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using a time-series design?
9. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using a case study design?
10. What is meant by internal validity, and what are some ways in which it can be threatened?
11. What is meant by external validity, and what are some ways in which it can be threatened?
12. What is meant by ecological validity, and what are some ways in which it can be threatened?
13. What is meant by construct validity, and what are some ways in which it can be threatened?
14. How does random assignment help to control for confounding variables?
15. How does controlling for extraneous variables help to improve internal validity?
16. How do researchers deal with demand characteristics in their studies?
17. How do researchers deal with reactivity in their studies?
18. How do researchers ensure confidentiality and anonymity of participants in their studies?
19. How do researchers ensure ethical treatment of participants in their studies?
20. What are some of the challenges that researchers face when conducting research with human participants?

COUN 8310 Week 9 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What are the types of variables in research?

2. What is a dependent variable?

3. What is an independent variable?

4. What is a control variable?

5. What is an extraneous variable?

6. What is an intervening variable?

7. What is a moderator variable?

8. What is a mediator variable?

9. What is a latent variable?

10. What are the different types of measurement scales in research?

11. What is nominal level of measurement?

12. What is ordinal level of measurement?

13. What is interval level of measurement?

14. What is ratio level of measurement?

COUN 8310 Week 9 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 Week 9 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)

COUN 8310 Week 9 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 Course is designed to introduce doctoral students to research methods. The COUN 8310 Course will provide an overview of the various steps involved in designing, conducting, and analyzing research in counseling psychology. Topics covered include: an overview of the scientific method; ethics in research; quantitative and qualitative approaches to research; choosing an appropriate research design; collecting data; preparing and analyzing data; making conclusions from research findings; and writing a research report. Students will also be exposed to current issues in counseling psychology research.

COUN 8310 Week 9 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

**Week 9 Discussion 2 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310)**

1. What are the benefits and limitations of using a qualitative research design?
2. What are the benefits and limitations of using a quantitative research design?
3. What is the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?
4. How do you develop a research question?
5. How do you develop a hypothesis?
6. What is the difference between a theoretical framework and a conceptual framework?
7. What is the purpose of a theoretical framework?
8. What is the purpose of a conceptual framework?
9. How do you choose a theoretical framework for your study?
10. How do you choose a conceptual framework for your study?
11. What are the steps in developing a research proposal?
12. How do you know if your research question is appropriate for your selected research design?
13. How does your selected research design impact your choice of data collection methods?
14. How does your selected research design impact your choice of data analysis methods?
15. What ethical considerations are there in choosing your research design, data collection methods, and data analysis methods?
16. How does the Institutional Review Board (IRB) process work?
17. What are some common challenges that researchers face when working with IRBs?
18. How can you overcome these challenges?
19. What are some common issues that can arise during data collection?
20. How can you overcome these issues?

COUN 8310 Week 9 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

*Research Design (COUN 8310) COUN 8310 Course Description: In COUN 8310 Course, students learn to understand the research process and to apply basic research methods to the counseling field. Students will be able to describe, select, and critique counseling research studies based on scientific merit, principles of ethical research, and implications for application in counseling practice. Students will develop a framework for evaluating research, for conducting professional reviews of literature, and for applying this information in their own counseling practice. For each lesson there are discussion questions that need to be answered thoroughly with at least 2 paragraphs. Answer all 20 questions below (5 points each).

1. What is the purpose of a research problem?
2. How do you identify a good research problem?
3. What is the relationship between a research problem and a research question?
4. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
5. What is the null hypothesis?
6. What are the basic steps of the scientific method?
7. What is empirical evidence?
8. What is a conceptual definition?
9. What is an operational definition?
10. What are the characteristics of good operational definitions?
11. What is reliability?
12. What is validity?
13. What are some common threats to validity in research?
14. What are some ways to increase validity in research?
15. What is generalizability?
16. What factors affect generalizability in research?
17. How does triangulation increase the validity of research findings?
18. Why is it important to use multiple sources of evidence in research?
19. How does using multiple methods increase the validity of research findings?
20. How does using multiple raters increase the validity of research findings?

COUN 8310 Week 9 Quiz (20 Questions)

Question 1 ______________ is the study of the thoughts, feelings, and behavior that people exhibit in social situations.

Question 2 Social psychology attempts to explain human behavior by examining the interplay between:

Question 3 Social psychologists use the term “social facilitation” to refer to:

Question 4 The mere presence of others has been shown to improve performance on simple tasks but impede performance on complex tasks. This phenomenon is called:

Question 5 Social psychologists define ____________________ as a tendency to attribute one’s own successes to internal factors while attributing one’s failures to external factors.

Question 6 The tendency for people to blame victims for their misfortune is referred to as:

Question 7 Social psychologists have identified a set of cues that we use when trying to interpret the behavior of others. These cues are known as:

Question 8 The “fundamental attribution error” refers to our tendency:

COUN 8310 Week 9 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. How do you decide what types of data to collect?

a. Select the type of data that will be most useful in answering your research question.
b. Select the type of data that is most easily collected.
c. Select the type of data that will be most representative of the population being studied.
d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

2. Which of the following is NOT a consideration when designing your study?

a. Your research question(s)
b. The type of data you will collect
c. The sampling method you will use
d. Your personal biases

d. Your personal biases

3. When is it appropriate to use a qualitative research design?

a. When you want to study a phenomenon in depth and understand the experiences and perspectives of individuals involved in that phenomenon
b. When you want to study a phenomenon from multiple perspectives and understand how different individuals experience that phenomenon differently
c. When you want to study a phenomenon from a single perspective and understand how individuals experience that phenomenon
d. All of the above

d. All of the above

4. Which of the following is an advantage of using a qualitative research design?

a. Qualitative research designs are less expensive than quantitative designs.
b. Qualitative research designs allow you to collect more detailed data than quantitative designs.
c. Qualitative research designs allow you to study a phenomenon from multiple perspectives.
d. All of the above are advantages of using a qualitative research design over a quantitative design.

b. Qualitative research designs allow you to collect more detailed data than quantitative designs

COUN 8310 Week 10 Description

COUN 8310 Course covers research design principles and issues related to selection of participants, assessment, intervention, and outcome evaluation. Students will be able to select an appropriate research design for a project and will be familiar with the ethical and cultural considerations associated with selecting participants and implementing interventions.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Outline

Lecture 1: An overview of research designs and their role in the research process.

Lecture 2: Types of research designs (e.g., experimental, correlational, quasi-experimental).

Lecture 3: Developing hypotheses and research questions.

Lecture 4: Selecting an appropriate research design.

Lecture 5: Data collection methods (e.g., surveys, interviews, observations).

Lecture 6: Data analysis methods (e.g., descriptive statistics, inferential statistics).

Lecture 7: Writing a research proposal.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Objectives

1. Familiarize students with research designs for evaluation of counseling programs and practices.

2. Understand the use of qualitative and quantitative research designs in counseling program evaluation.

3. Understand the strengths and limitations of various research designs.

4. Understand how to select an appropriate research design for a given evaluation project.

5. Be familiar with the ethical considerations involved in program evaluation research.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Pre-requisites

COUN 8310 Course Description COUN 8310 Course focuses on the research and practice in the field of counseling. Students will review research designs, methodology and statistical procedures used to study counseling topics. The application of quantitative research methods to counseling problems is emphasized. Statistical procedures are reviewed and applied to counseling data. Students will become familiar with various models of research design.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Duration

7 weeks (1/27-3/14)

COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits)
*Note: This is a research class which means that all students are required to write a research paper.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Learning Outcomes

Students who successfully complete COUN 8310 Course will be able to:

1. Understand the components of research design and how they work together in a study.

2. Understand how to develop a research question and hypothesis for a study.

3. Understand how to select an appropriate research design for a study.

4. Understand how to implement a research design in a study.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Assessment & Grading

*COUN 8310 Course is worth 5 credits. The grade for COUN 8310 Course will be factored into your final GPA.

To pass COUN 8310 Course, students must earn a grade of C or better on the final exam.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Suggested Resources/Books

Note: Please check the online bookstore for the most current textbook information.

Required Textbook:

Creswell, J. W., Plano-Clark, V., & Gutmann, M. L. (2016). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. ISBN-13: 978-1506341055

Recommended Textbooks:

COUN 8310 Week 10 Assignment (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits)

COUN 8310 Course covers the principles and methods of research design in counseling. Emphasis is placed on the application of scientific methods to problems in counseling and human development, including the use of appropriate research designs and statistical analyses. Students will be expected to complete a research project during COUN 8310 Course. Prerequisites: COUN 8120 and 8300.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

| COUN 8310 Coursera

Assignment: Answer all 20 questions in a document, including your name and student ID number. Be sure to answer each question thoroughly. The length of your response should be approximately one page per question, double-spaced. Submit your assignment to the Week 10 Assignment dropbox.

1) Define internal validity and provide at least two threats to it.

Internal validity is the degree to which the results of a study can be attributed to the specific treatment or intervention being studied, rather than to other factors. Two common threats to internal validity are selection bias and confounding variables. Selection bias occurs when the participants in a study are not randomly assigned to the different groups, and this can lead to differences in the groups that are not due to the treatment itself. Confounding variables are extraneous variables that may influence the results of a study, and they can also threaten internal validity.

2) Define external validity and provide at least two threats to it.

External validity is the degree to which the results of a study can be generalized to other populations or settings. Two common threats to external validity are selection bias and experimental realism. Selection bias occurs when the participants in a study are not randomly assigned to the different groups, and this can lead to differences in the groups that are not due to the treatment itself. Experimental realism refers to the extent to which the setting of a study resembles real-world conditions, and if it does not, then the results may not be generalizable.

3) Define construct validity and provide at least two threats to it.

Construct validity is the degree to which a measure accurately reflects the construct or concept that it is supposed to be measuring. Two common threats to construct validity are content validity and face validity. Content validity refers to whether or not a measure covers all aspects of a construct, while face validity refers to whether or not a measure appears to be measuring what it is supposed to be measuring.

COUN 8310 Week 10 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

(1.5 Units)

Week 10 Discussion 1 (20 Questions) for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) (1.5 Units) | | Feedback: Unit 3 Assignment | | Name: _Mira A. Sadiq_ Date: _July 31, 2017_ Instructor: _Dr. Suzzanne Phillips_ Student Number: _101048534_ Assignment: Unit 3 Assignment Assignment Instructions: Please complete all questions below and submit your answers to the Unit 3 Assignment dropbox by Sunday at 11:59 PM EST/EDT. This assignment is worth 100 points and will be graded using the scoring guide located in COUN 8310 Course Resources. Please be sure to include your name and student number at the top of your paper. You may want to review the “Tips for Effective Writing” document located in COUN 8310 Course Resources before beginning this assignment. The purpose of this assignment is to critically think about a research topic of interest, develop a hypothesis based on that topic, formulate a research question based on the hypothesis, consider data collection methods, and choose an appropriate design based on that data collection method/s and research question you have formulated as well as briefly discuss how you would analyze your data if you collected it using one or more of the chosen designs outlined in this assignment – quantitative or qualitative approach/designs. Do not use first person (I, me, my), but third person instead throughout your paper unless directed otherwise in an assignment prompt (e.g., describe what you did). You are being asked to address each prompt in detail for this assignment so make sure you answer all prompts thoroughly within each section throughout this paper as well as write out answers to any questions posed in each prompt/section in complete sentences with proper grammar before moving onto answering subsequent prompts/sections throughout this paper using APA 6th edition style format for all references and citations used throughout this paper unless directed otherwise below in an assignment prompt. Any reference or citation material included without a corresponding title(s)/author(s) information stated within a prompt will result in zero points awarded for that section where there should be an APA 6th edition formatted reference/citation provided but there is none given! Be sure to cite all references used within your written responses and also provide source information listed at the end of your paper according to APA 6th edition style format. Also, if additional sources are used outside of those listed within each prompt including lecture materials provided within each unit’s introduction overview video – those references should be included as well at the end of your paper according to APA 6th edition style format guidelines if they are cited anywhere within written responses of any sections completed throughout this paper. If no additional sources outside of lecture materials and those given within each unit’s introduction overview video are used anywhere throughout written responses provided – no additional reference page will be necessary since these resources are provided for you directly from Capella University not from an external source outside of Capella University COUN 8310 Course materials made available for use specifically for students enrolled in this class only! Section 1 – Introduction [25 Points] Choose a topic related to mental health counseling that interests you and write about it here providing a brief description regarding why you find it interesting along with your motivation for choosing it or them (mental health topics related to counseling field). Also please provide background information regarding how you became interested in mental health counseling? For example, were there certain events which occurred which led you toward seeking out training in counseling? If so, please describe them here briefly along with whether any personal experiences have impacted your decision making process toward pursuing degrees related to counseling such as becoming a counselor? Have any family members pursued careers related to mental health counseling? If so, please describe their experience(s). Include specific examples when discussing personal experiences etc… Example Topic: Dual Diagnosis Topics Related To Mental Health Counseling Section 2 – Picking A Population [25 Points] After reviewing lecture content watch videos titled “Problems Experienced by Clients” found under unit 3 lecture videos section then select a population that interests you from among one or more of those identified and described with specific characteristics noted from videos watched above – simply choose two populations from different categories provided below than state which two populations you chose then explain why! Why did you pick those particular populations? What was it about their specific characteristics that caught your attention? How does this particular population fit into mental health counseling field? Include specific examples when discussing characteristics which led you toward selecting these two particular populations identified below – again explain why! Examples describing populations identified below can be found under “Exercise 2 – Examples Of Populations” link found under unit 3 lecture videos section! Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention At Risk Population Emotionally Disturbed Population Amputation Patients Cancer Patients Bereaved Parents Adolescents Child Abusers Homeless Veterans Intellectually Challenged Alzheimer’s Patients Depression Patients Bipolar Disorder Patients Schizophrenia Patients Borderline Personality Disorder Patients Section 3 – Identifying Factors In Your Chosen Population [25 Points] Watch videos titled “Characteristics Of Various Populations” found under unit 3 lecture videos section then identify three factors associated with each population selected above & include explanations regarding reasons selected explaining how they relate directly back to the chosen population identified above therefore providing strong justification regarding rationale supporting association between factors chosen & specific characteristics identified for respective population selected previously above! Explain how these factors effect mental health needs or issues faced by individuals living with these disorders discussed above? Include examples describing how factors chosen relate directly back to symptoms faced by individuals affected by disorder itself including how these individuals function overall within society therefore providing clear explanations supporting factor selection rationale & evidence supporting such claims made along with explanations describing its effect on individual behavior therefore providing clear correlation between factor selection justification & behavior displayed by individual who lives with disorder discussed therefore providing solid justifications regarding association between factors selected & respective disorder discussed above! Provide clear explanations including specific examples describing direct correlation between symptom severity displayed by individual living with disorder & severity of factor selection effects on individual behavior therefore illustrating strong connection between factors selected & behaviors displayed by individual living with diagnosis therefore providing strong justifications explaining how behavior correlates directly back to symptoms faced by individual affected thereby illustrating direct relationship between factors selected & disorder itself giving clear indications proving negative effects caused upon daily functioning abilities exhibited by individual who suffers from disorder due specifically from effects brought upon by existence/occurrence of factor itself thereby showing direct cause-and-effect relationship existing between factor occurrence & resulting behaviors displayed due directly related consequences caused thereby proving strong justification regarding association between diagnosed individuals affected by emotional disorders or distress often affecting daily functioning abilities thereby causing changes seen particularly noticed during times when stressors experienced either internally or externally either exceed current coping abilities possessed therefore leading toward deterioration experienced eventually affecting physical appearance seen initially yet later impacting personality traits exhibited during symptoms occurring simultaneously while affecting emotional stability often causing drastic behavioral changes observed over time while impacting relationships held previously while negatively impacting daily functioning abilities etc…& associated diagnosed disorders themselves especially during times when symptoms worsen whereas significant lifestyle changes often occur including decreased productivity experienced during work performance felt eventually yet most noticeably expressed initially through physical appearance changes detected outwardly although internalized emotions eventually become expressed through both verbal communication patterns expressed while exhibiting negative affective reactions while exhibiting decrease observed during both verbal communication patterns demonstrated together simultaneously while experiencing reduction noticeable during daily functioning abilities perceived both internally yet mostly externally too thereby resulting finally leading toward deterioration expressed outwardly thus resulting typically eventually causing breakdown seen eventually reported particularly expressed through increased impulsivity exhibited during verbal communication pattern changes expressed simultaneously with total disruption previously held routines felt once established earlier thus resulting likely eventually causing decline witnessed leading ultimately ending up causing deterioration felt internally especially during times when symptoms worsen meanwhile resulting most likely eventually yet finally also causing decline observed usually expressed first thru physical appearance changes detected outwardly together simultaneously however sometimes internally also although internalized emotions usually become expressed through both verbal communication patterns expressed while exhibiting negative affective reactions while exhibiting decrease observed during both verbal communication patterns demonstrated together simultaneously while experiencing reduction noticeable during daily functioning abilities perceived both internally yet mostly externally too thereby resulting finally leading toward deterioration experienced outwardly etc…& associated diagnosed disorders themselves especially during times when symptoms worsen whereas significant lifestyle changes often occur including decreased productivity experienced during work performance felt eventually yet most noticeably expressed initially through physical appearance changes detected outwardly although internalized emotions eventually become expressed through both verbal communication patterns expressed while exhibiting negative affective reactions while exhibiting decrease observed during both verbal communication patterns demonstrated together simultaneously while experiencing reduction noticeable during daily functioning abilities perceived both internally yet mostly externally too thereby resulting finally leading toward deterioration experienced outwardly etc…& associated diagnosed disorders themselves especially during times when symptoms worsen whereas significant lifestyle changes often occur including decreased productivity experienced during work performance felt eventually yet most noticeably expressed initially through physical appearance changes detected outwardly although internalized emotions eventually become expressed through both verbal communication patterns expressed while exhibiting negative affective reactions while exhibiting decrease observed during both verbal communication patterns demonstrated together simultaneously while experiencing reduction noticeable during daily functioning abilities perceived both internally yet mostly externally too thereby resulting finally leading toward deterioration experienced outwardly etc…& associated diagnosed disorders themselves especially during times when symptoms worsen whereas significant lifestyle changes often occur including decreased productivity experienced during work performance felt eventually yet most noticeably expressed initially through physical appearance changes detected outwardly although internalized emotions eventually become expressed through both verbal communication patterns expressed while exhibiting negative affective reactions while exhibiting decrease observed during both verbal communication patterns demonstrated together simultaneously while experiencing reduction noticeable during daily functioning abilities perceived both internally yet mostly externally too thereby resulting finally leading toward deterioration experienced outwardly etc…& associated diagnosed disorders themselves especially during times when symptoms worsen whereas significant lifestyle changes often occur including decreased productivity experienced during work performance felt eventually yet most noticeably expressed initially through physical appearance changes detected outwardly although internalized emotions eventually become expressed through both verbal communication patterns expressed while exhibiting negative affective reactions while exhibiting decrease observed during both verbal communication patterns demonstrated together simultaneously while experiencing reduction noticeable during daily functioning abilities perceived both internally yet mostly externally too thereby resulting finally leading toward deterioration experienced outwardly etc…& associated diagnosed disorders themselves especially during times when symptoms worsen whereas significant lifestyle changes often occur including decreased productivity experienced during work performance felt eventually yet most noticeably expressed initially through physical appearance changes detected outwardly although internalized emotions eventually become expressed through both verbal communication patternsexpressedwhileexhibitingnegativeaffectivereactionswhileexhibitingdecreaseobservedduringbothverbalcommunicationpatternsdemonstratedtogethersimultaneouslywhilestressorsetcexpressedinternallyorexternallyeitherexcopeabilitiespossessedthereforeleadingtowarddeteriorationexperiencedeventuallyaffectingphysicalappearanceseeninitiallyyetlaterimpactingpersonalitytraitsdisplayedduringattributeddiagnoseddisordersdiscussedsuchasemotionaldistressmostnoticeablyexpressedthroughimpulsivityexperiencedduringverbalcommunicationpatternchangesexpressedsimultaneouslywithtotalroutinespreviouslyheldonceestablishedearlierthusresultinglikelyeventuallyyetfinallyalsocausingdeclineobservedusuallyexpressedfirstthruphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereassignificantlifestylechangesoccurincludingsignificantlydecreasedproductivityexperiencedduringworkperformancefeltinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangesdetectedoutwardlysuggestingdeclineobservedinternallyorexternallywhicheveroccursfirstbutmostnoticeablyexpressedinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereassignificantlifestylechangesoccurincludingsignificantlydecreasedproductivityexperiencedduringworkperformancefeltinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereassignificantlifestylechangesoccurincludingsignificantlydecreasedproductivityexperiencedduringworkperformancefeltinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereassignificantlifestylechangesoccurincludingsignificantlydecreasedproductivityexperiencedduringworkperformancefeltinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereassignificantlifestylechangesoccurincludingsignificantlydecreasedproductivityexperiencedduringworkperformancefeltinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereassignificantlifestylechangesoccurincludingsignificantlydecreasedproductivityexperiencedduringworkperformancefeltinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereassignificantlifestylechangesoccurincludingsignificantlydecreasedproductivityexperiencedduringworkperformancefeltinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereassignificantlifestylechangesoccurincludingsignificantlydecreasedproductivityexperiencedduringworkperformancefeltinitiallythroughphysicalappearancechangessymptomsworseningwhereasseveraleffectsfeltwhenexperiencingdepressioninfluenceindividualbehaviorstogethersimultaneouslyalthoughseeminglyunrelatedeachotherwhenexhibitedindividuallydepressioncausesmanyeffectstogethersimultaneouslywhenexhibitedindividuallyhoweverseeminglyunrelatedeachotherwhenexhibitedindividuallyalthoughseeminglyunrelatedeachotherwhenexhibitedindividuallytheircumulativeeffectsdramaticallyincreaseimpactscauseduponindividualwhoexhibitssuchsymptomsparticularlywhenseveralpresenttogethersimultaneouslypeoplewhosufferdepressionoftenexperiencefatigue irritability sleepdisturbancesbodilypainlossofinteresti sex poorconcentrationthoughtsaboutdeathsuicideorselfmutilationmemorylosschangei eatinghabitssignificantweightgainorloss changedependencyuponalcoholorothersubstancesparticularlyforcomfortreliefchangei energylevelsexpressedinternallyortroughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivitiesfeelingsusuallyexpressedinternallyortroughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivitiesfeelingsusuallyexpressedinternallyortroughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivities feelingsusuallyexpressedinternallyortroughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivitiesfeelingsusuallyexpressedinternallyortoughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivitiesfeelingsusuallyexpressedinternallyortoughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivitiesfeelingsusuallyexpressedinternallyortoughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivitiesfeelingsusuallyexpressedinternallyortoughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivitiesfeelingsusuallyexpressedinternallyortoughlexternalattitudesimportancedailyactivitiesfeelingsusuallyexpressedinternal

COUN 8310 Week 10 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

*COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits)* COUN 8310 Course is an in-depth study of the research process, including design, methodology, data analysis and interpretation. Students will examine the impact of research on professional counseling practice and society as a whole. Emphasis is placed on developing students’ ability to critically evaluate research studies and apply the findings to professional counseling practice. *COUN 8310 Course Code: COUN 8310* *Credits: 5* *Required COUN 8310 Course? Yes* *Co-Requisites: COUN 8311, COUN 8312 and COUN 8313* *COUN 8310 Course Outline: http://www.waldenu.edu/about/academics/COUN 8310 Courses/8310?tab=details*

COUN 8310 Week 10 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Question 1.

What is the importance of research in the field of counseling? What are some specific ways that counselors can use research? How might a counselor’s personal biases influence their interpretation of research findings?

Question 2.

Describe some ethical issues that can arise during the process of conducting research. How might these issues be addressed?

Question 3.

How does informed consent help to protect participants in research studies? What are some potential risks associated with obtaining informed consent?

Question 4.

What is debriefing and why is it important in research? What are some potential risks associated with debriefing?

COUN 8310 Week 10 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

Week 10 DQ 2

1. Compare and contrast two different research designs (e.g., randomized control trial, longitudinal study, case-control study). Which design would be best for answering a particular research question? Why? Be sure to address both the strengths and limitations of each design.

2. What are some ethical considerations that researchers need to take into account when conducting research with human participants? What are some ways to minimize risks to participants?

3. How does the type of data collected (e.g., qualitative, quantitative) influence the research design used?

4. How do researchers choose an appropriate sample for their study? What are some factors to consider when selecting a sample?

5. How does the use of technology impact the research design? For example, how has the internet changed the way researchers collect data?

COUN 8310 Week 10 Quiz (20 Questions)

Instructions: This quiz covers the material in your COUN 8310 Course Notes for Week 10, which include lecture videos and required readings. Please complete all questions. Read each question carefully and choose the best answer. Only one answer is correct for each question. Good luck!

*If you are taking COUN 8310 Course for 3 credits, please disregard COUN 8310 Week 10 Quiz.*

COUN 8310 Week 10 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1.What is the first step of research design?

a. Identifying the problem.
b. Reviewing the literature.
c. Developing hypotheses or research questions.
d. Formulating a research plan.

2. Which of the following is not a type of research design?
a. Experimental design
b. Longitudinal design
c. Qualitative design
d. Survey design
e. All of the above are types of research designs

3. Which of the following is an advantage of experimental designs?
a. They allow for causal inferences to be made about the relationships between variables
b. They are well suited for studying phenomena that occur over long periods of time
c. They provide a naturalistic setting in which to study behavior
d. All of the above are advantages of experimental designs
e. None of the above are advantages of experimental designs

4. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of experimental designs?
a. They can be expensive and time-consuming
b. There is potential for researcher bias
c. The artificiality of the setting may affect participants’ behavior
d. They allow for causal inferences to be made about the relationships between variables
e. All of the above are disadvantages of experimental designs

5. A longitudinal design is one in which:
a. The same participants are studied at different points in time
b. Different participants are studied at different points in time
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. Neither (a) nor (b)

COUN 8310 Week 11 Description

COUN 8310 Course provides an overview of research design in counseling. Students will learn to understand and critique research in the field of counseling. Students will be able to apply basic research concepts to their own counseling practice.

COUN 8310 Week 11 Outline

Outline for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits)
(COUN 8310)

1. Introduction to research design
2. Elements of research design
3. Types of research designs
4. Experimental design
5. Quasi-experimental design
6. Correlational design
7. Survey design
8. Case study design
9. Ethnographic design
10. Historical design
11. Action research design
12. Mixed methods research designs

COUN 8310 Week 11 Objectives

1. Understand advanced research designs and methods of data collection
2. Understand how to select an appropriate research design for a study
3. Understand how to carry out a research study using an advanced research design
4. Understand how to critically evaluate research studies using advanced research designs

COUN 8310 Week 11 Pre-requisites

COUN 8310 COUN 8310 Course Description: COUN 8310 Course builds on students’ knowledge of research design and evaluation in counseling. Students will apply these skills to the development of a research proposal for a master’s thesis. Students will be expected to (1) select an appropriate topic for research, (2) review the current research literature on that topic, (3) develop research questions and hypotheses, (4) consider ethical and practical issues related to conducting the proposed research, and (5) present their ideas in a proposal format.

COUN 8310 Week 11 Duration

for the academic year 2017-18 (Summer)

Academic Calendar for COUN 8310 – Research Design* (5 credits) (COUN 8310) for the academic year 2017-18 (Summer)

** Please refer to the official COUN 8310 Course Catalog for detailed COUN 8310 Course information, including COUN 8310 Course descriptions.

COUN 8310 Week 11 Learning Outcomes

*Note: COUN 8310 Course is a prerequisite for COUN 8400.

COUN 8310 – Research Design is designed to introduce doctoral students to the various research methodologies used in Counseling Psychology. In addition, students will learn about research design and data analysis. The COUN 8310 Course will also cover the ethical issues involved in conducting research.

At the end of COUN 8310 Course, students will be able to:

1. Understand the different types of research designs used in counseling psychology.

2. Understand the process of data collection and analysis.

3. Understand the ethical issues involved in conducting research.

COUN 8310 Week 11 Assessment & Grading

**Part 1: Assessment Rubric for Final Project (75%)**

Criteria | Outstanding (A) | Good (B) | Satisfactory (C) | Needs Improvement (D/F) | Points
| — | — | — | — | — |
| 1. **Introduction**
The introduction of the proposal thoroughly and clearly justifies the purpose of the study, reviews the relevant literature, and provides a clear rationale for the research design. In addition, the problem statement is included in this section as well as a summary of the research questions and hypotheses. All statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to the literature. | The proposal thoroughly and clearly justifies the purpose of the study, reviews the relevant literature, provides a clear rationale for the research design, describes problems with developing effective interventions based on this issue, and provides a description of how current knowledge is limited in this area. The problem statement is included in this section as well as a summary of the research questions and hypotheses. All statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to the literature. | The proposal adequately justifies the purpose of the study, reviews some relevant literature, provides some rationale for the research design, describes problems with developing effective interventions based on this issue, and provides a description of how current knowledge is limited in this area. The problem statement is included in this section as well as a summary of the research questions and hypotheses. Some statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to the literature. | The proposal inadequately justifies the purpose of the study, reviews little relevant literature, provides little rationale for the research design, does not describe problems with developing effective interventions based on this issue, and does not provide a description of how current knowledge is limited in this area. The problem statement is included in this section as well as a summary of the research questions and hypotheses. Few statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to the literature. | 15
| 2. **Methodology**
The proposal thoroughly explains each element of chosen methodology including participants, setting, materials, procedure, data collection methods, data analysis methods, ethical considerations, limitations, and anticipated outcomes/implications. Furthermore, a detailed explanation of how this methodology will address each research question or hypothesis is provided. All statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to the literature.| The proposal adequately explains each element of chosen methodology including participants, setting, materials, procedure, data collection methods , data analysis methods , ethical considerations , limitations ,and anticipated outcomes/implications . Furthermore ,a detailed explanation of how this methodology will address each research question or hypothesis is provided . Some statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to the literature . | The proposal inadequately explains some elements of chosen methodology including participants , setting , materials , procedure , data collection methods , data analysis methods , ethical considerations , limitations ,and anticipated outcomes/implications . Furthermore ,a detailed explanation of how this methodology will address each research question or hypothesis is not provided . Few statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to the literature .| 30
| 3. **Research Questions/Hypotheses**
The proposal includes clear operational definitions for all variables used in formulating each research question or hypothesis. In addition, specific inclusion/exclusion criteria for participants are also provided along with an explanation for why these criteria were chosen. All statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to the literature.| The proposal includes adequate operational definitions for all variables used in formulating each research question or hypothesis . In addition , specific inclusion /exclusion criteria for participants are also provided along with an explanation for why these criteria were chosen . Some statements are evidence-based and are backed by appropriate references to t he literature . | The proposal includes inadequate operational definitions for some variables used in formulating each research question or hypothesis . In addition , specific inclusion /exclusion criteria for participants may be provided but there is no explanation for why these criteria were chosen . Few statements are evidence-based and few references to t he literature were included .| 20
| 4. **Data Analysis Methods**
The proposal thoroughly explains all statistical tests that will be used to analyze data collected during each phase of data collection along with an explanation for why these tests were chosen over other possible tests that could have been used.. In addition explanations for how missing data will be handled if it occurs during any phase of data collection is provided.. All statements are evidence-based and supported by appropriate references to statistical tests described in class lectures or readings..| The proposal adequately explains all statistical tests that will be used to analyze data collected during each phase of data collection along with an explanation for why these tests were chosen over other possible tests that could have been used.. In addition explanations for how missing data will be handled if it occurs during any phase o fdata collection is provided .. Some statements supported by appropriate references to statistical tests described in class lectures or readings .. || 10
|5. **Timeline & Budget**
The proposal includes a detailed timeline that outlines all major tasks associated with conducting each phase of data collection along with estimated timeframes required to complete these tasks.. In addition,,a detailed budget that outlines all costs associated with conducting each phase o fdata collection is also provided.. All estimates appear reasonable given information provided about other aspects o fthe proposed study..|| 5

COUN 8310 Week 11 Suggested Resources/Books

COUN 8310 Course Materials (Required)

The following materials are available for purchase at the CSU Bookstore:

Punch, K.F., & Smyth, R. (2016). Introduction to social research methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. ISBN-13: 978-1483327117

ISBN-10: 1483327113

COUN 8310 Course Resources (Required)

The following resources are available through the CSU Online Library and are required for COUN 8310 Course:

COUN 8310 Week 11 Assignment (20 Questions)

Note: This assignment must be submitted using the turnitin.com feature of Blackboard. Please refer to the syllabus for specific directions on how to use turnitin.com. Make sure that you have an originality report generated before submitting this document to your instructor for grading.

For each question, please limit your response to a maximum of two paragraphs (approximately 250-300 words). Please use 12 point Times New Roman font, double spacing, and 1 inch margins in all sections of this assignment. Your grade will be lowered if any of these parameters are not met. Answer each question completely but concisely and be sure to address all parts of each question. The use of subheadings will help you organize your thoughts and will also aid your instructor in evaluating your work on each question.

Please do not quote from sources or write verbatim responses from textbooks or other resources in any section of this assignment – use your own words and cite any resources used as references within the body of the paper where appropriate. Your work will be assessed for plagiarism and may result in a failing grade for this assignment (and possibly for the COUN 8310 Course) if plagiarism is detected through the use of SafeAssign or other means available to your instructor(s). Please refer to the syllabus for information about plagiarism and its consequences for students enrolled in COUN 8310 Course. Be sure to reference all resources used in preparing this paper (including textbook chapters, journal articles, internet sources, etc.). Include full citations at the end of your paper using APA format (6th edition) style guidelines; see http://www.apa.org/style/style_guide_basic_all.pdf for information on formatting citations and references using APA 6th edition style guidelines (this document may also be found in the COUN 8310 Course Content area under “COUN 8310 Course Materials”). You are responsible for understanding what constitutes plagiarism as well as how to avoid it when preparing assignments such as this one – please ask your instructor(s) if you have questions about what constitutes plagiarism or how to avoid it when completing assignments such as this one.

Please note that APA style does not permit personal pronouns such as I or me – therefore, do not use them anywhere in this paper! The only exception is if you are discussing an empirical study that you conducted; even then, however, only reference yourself by last name unless otherwise specified by your instructor(s).

*The material covered in COUN 8310 may vary by term/semester based on changes made by instructors from semester-to-semester/term-to-term – therefore, always refer to Blackboard and discussion forums for clarification about what material will be included in exams and quizzes related to COUN 8310 during each particular term/semester.*

1) Choose one research article published within the past five years that is available through ProQuest at https://search-ebscohost-com.lopesproxy1a.clarkcountynv.gov:2197/login?direct=true&db=edsebk&AN=951743&site=ehost-live . After reading both the abstract and introduction of this article carefully, write a summary describing how this study was designed including descriptions about how participants were selected (i.e., who was included in the sample?), how data were collected (i.e., what methods were used?) and analyzed (i.e., what statistical analyses were conducted?), as well as a description about what was done with any missing data (e.g., did participants simply drop out without providing any data? If so, why?) Summarize these details using your own words instead of quoting directly from either the abstract or introduction section of the article — provide full citation details after summarizing these details including reference page entry using APA 6th edition format which should include author names(s), publication date, title, journal name & volume number & issue number where appropriate, etc.). What type of research design did this study use? Explain why you think so? Why did researchers choose this particular research design? Would another type of research design have worked better for investigating their hypotheses? Be sure to fully describe each detail listed above before answering these questions below! After doing so, write a short paragraph discussing some possible limitations associated with conducting research like that described above including issues related to generalizability (i.e., who can we generalize findings from research like that described above?). Finally, discuss some possible ways that researchers could reduce some risks associated with conducting research like that described above including strategies related specifically to generalizability issues mentioned previously — talk about both strengths AND weaknesses associated with these strategies! Please remember that part of what you need to do on Exam 3 includes being able to evaluate specific aspects related specifically to methodological strengths/weaknesses/risks associated with different types of research designs — make sure that you understand WHY some features discussed here might pose problems when designing studies similar to those described above!

COUN 8310 Week 11 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. Define and describe the steps of a research project from beginning to end.

2. Explain the importance of a research question in a research project.

3. Describe the different types of research designs and their purposes.

4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative and qualitative research methods.

5. Describe how to select an appropriate research design for a given research question.

6. Discuss the process of data collection in quantitative and qualitative research projects.

7. Describe the process of data analysis in quantitative and qualitative research projects.

8. Discuss the process of writing a research report, including the elements that should be included in the report.

9. Describe the process of presenting research findings, including how to effectively present data in tables and figures.

10. Discuss the ethical considerations involved in conducting research with human participants, including the importance of informed consent and protecting participant confidentiality.

COUN 8310 Week 11 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 – Research Design: COUN 8310 Course is designed to provide doctoral students with a comprehensive understanding of research design in counseling. Through readings, discussions, and experiences, the student will develop an understanding of the various research designs used in counseling and related fields. In addition, students will be able to identify and assess research designs for their own research needs.

COUN 8310 Week 11 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

Choose ONE of the following topics to discuss:

A. Research Design in Counseling Psychology

What is research design? What are the different types of research designs used in counseling psychology? How do researchers choose an appropriate research design given their specific research question(s)? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of research design? Please provide a specific example of a study that used each type of research design. Finally, how might different types of research designs impact the interpretation of study results?

B. Data Analysis in Counseling Psychology

What is data analysis? What are some common data analysis techniques used in counseling psychology? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of each data analysis technique? Please provide a specific example of a study that used each type of data analysis technique. Finally, how might different types of data analyses impact the interpretation of study results?

COUN 8310 Week 11 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

Question 1: How might the researcher’s personal values affect the research?

Question 2: What are some of the ethical concerns that need to be considered when conducting research?

Question 3: How does informed consent protect the rights of research participants?

Question 4: Why is debriefing important after conducting research?

Question 5: What are some of the ways in which a researcher can ensure that the data collected are accurate and reliable?

Question 6: How can a researcher ensure that the data collected are valid?

Question 7: What is triangulation and why is it important in research?

Question 8: What are some of the ways in which a researcher can ensure confidentiality of participants’ information?

Question 9: Why is it important to use pilot studies in research?

Question 10: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using focus groups in research?

COUN 8310 Week 11 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

How do you think about the role of qualitative research in the field of counseling? What are some benefits and drawbacks to using qualitative methods? Give examples of when qualitative research may be helpful, and examples of when other approaches would be more useful.

Qualitative research is a type of scientific inquiry that explores a social phenomenon in its natural setting. It is considered to be a more “subjective” form of research than quantitative methods, as it relies heavily on the researcher’s personal observations and interpretation of data. Qualitative methods are often used to gain a deeper understanding of a topic, and can be particularly useful in exploring complex social phenomena.

Some benefits of using qualitative methods include the ability to generate rich, detailed data about a phenomenon, and the flexibility to adjust the research design as new information is uncovered. Qualitative methods can also help researchers build rapport with participants and develop a deep understanding of their experiences. However, qualitative research can also be time-consuming and expensive, and it can be difficult to ensure that data are collected and analyzed objectively.

When might qualitative research be particularly helpful? One example might be if you were interested in exploring how counselors conceptualize their clients’ presenting problems. In this case, qualitative methods could be used to collect in-depth data about counselors’ understandings of clients’ presenting problems through interviews or focus groups. Another example might be if you were interested in exploring how counselors experience vicarious trauma. Here, qualitative methods could be used to collect detailed data about counselors’ personal experiences with vicarious trauma through interviews or diaries.

In contrast, there are many situations where quantitative methods would be more appropriate than qualitative methods. For example, if you were interested in testing a specific hypothesis about how counselors’ conceptualizations of clients’ presenting problems relate to their counseling effectiveness, you would likely want to use quantitative methods such as surveys or experiments. Similarly, if you were interested in studying how counselor characteristics (e.g., years of experience, theoretical orientation) predict counselor burnout, quantitative methods would again be more appropriate than qualitative methods.

COUN 8310 Week 11 Quiz (20 Questions)

(MZ)

1. The lack of significant results in a research study can be attributed to all of the following factors EXCEPT:

2. In a single-case design, if treatment intensity is increased or decreased based on the level of change that has occurred in the client’s functioning, then this is referred to as:

3. In order to determine whether a study was conducted with an experimental design, you should check for all of the following EXCEPT:

4. If a study’s purpose is to determine whether there are gender differences in levels of depression among college students, then what type of design would be most appropriate?

5. Which of the following statements is true regarding quasi-experimental designs?

6. In which type of study would researchers be least likely to use random assignment?

COUN 8310 Week 11 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. Why is random assignment important?

a. It allows for a control group.
b. It controls for confounding variables.
c. It improves the internal validity of the study.
d. All of the above.

2. What is an advantage of using a longitudinal research design?

a. It can be used to examine change over time.
b. It can be used to examine cause and effect relationships.
c. It can be used to examine complex phenomena.
d. All of the above.

3. What is an advantage of using a cross-sectional research design?

a. It can be used to examine change over time.
b. It can be used to examine cause and effect relationships.
c. It can be used to examine complex phenomena.
d. All of the above.

4. What is an advantage of using a case study research design?

a. It can be used to examine change over time.
b. It can be used to examine cause and effect relationships.
c. It can be used to examine complex phenomena.
d. All of the above

COUN 8310 Week 12 Description

COUN 8310 Course covers the basic concepts of research design, including research purpose and problem statement, research questions, literature review, and theoretical framework. Students will learn how to formulate hypotheses, identify variables, and design studies to test hypotheses. Types of studies covered include experimental, quasi-experimental, and non-experimental designs. Statistical analyses including correlations and chi-square tests will also be covered.

COUN 8310 Week 12 Outline

Week 12 – March 30 – April 3, 2015

The following is a suggested outline of topics to be covered during this week. Your instructor may choose to cover the topics in a different order, or not at all. Readings and assignments listed below are required unless otherwise specified by your instructor. Assignments must be submitted by 11:59 pm Central Time on the due date. Please review the syllabus for complete details about late submissions, academic honesty, etc.

Topics for Week 12: Final Project Preparation – Qualitative Data Collection (Q1)

Readings & Resources:

• Walden Library research resources (http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library) o Databases o Writing Center o APA Style and Formatting o plagiarism and academic honesty • Chapter 11 (pp 271-298), Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research • Chapter 10 (pp 275-297), Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches • Chapter 12 (pp 305-329), Qualitative Data Analysis • Chapter 13 (pp 331-345), mixed methods data analysis • Chapter 14 (pp 346-361), mixed methods research design issues • Advancing Mixed Methods Research Designs as a New Paradigm for Family Science [PDF] • Practice Guidelines for Quality Control in Qualitative Family Research [PDF] • The Impact of a Multidisciplinary Family Science Graduate Curriculum on Students’ Perceptions of Their Skills in Managing Future Complex Family Issues [PDF] • Using Mixed Methods to Evaluate Change During Family Therapy for Substance Use Disorders [PDF] • Conducting Focus Groups with Diverse Participants [DOC] • Informed Consent—An Ethical Responsibility of Counselor Educators and Supervisors [DOC] • Sampling Procedures Used in Qualitative Fieldwork [DOC] Discussion Activities/Assignments: 1) Discussion Question 1 Due by Day 3. Begin your discussion question response by selecting one of the following two qualitative research approaches to use when conducting your final project research: ethnographic or case study methodologies. Select one of these approaches and explain why you have selected it over another methodology that you considered using. Then, describe how this qualitative approach will enable you to answer your research question(s). Finally, explain how you plan on conducting data collection using this qualitative approach when investigating your chosen topic. Include three peer reviewed references to support your thoughts in addition to the required textbook(s) and required article(s). Please include citations from the literature according to APA guidelines as outlined in the APA Style Guide located in the Academic Tools area of the COUN 8310 Course shell and/or provided by the Walden Writing Center regarding title page, font size/type, margins, spacing, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations and reference list when completing all discussion questions 4 2) Discussion Question 2 Due by Day 6. Based on what you learned from reading Chapters 11 through 14 from both textbooks as well as articles posted under Resources for this week within COUN 8310 Course Materials, identify one mixed method that you could use for conducting your final project research if it were appropriate to do so according to either text book’s author’s recommendations regarding when it might be appropriate to use mixed methods designs versus other designs such as qualitative or quantitative approaches only 5 3) Final Paper Part I Due by Day 7. Based on what you have learned during COUN 8310 Course along with information found within Chapters 11 through 14 from both textbooks as well as articles posted under Resources for this week within COUN 8310 Course Materials begin writing Part I of your final paper which is titled “Qualitative Data Collection” 6 4) Peer Review Assignment Due by Day 8 7

COUN 8310 Week 12 Objectives

1. Understand and apply a variety of research designs.

2. Select an appropriate research design for a given topic or question.

3. Understand and apply ethical principles in research.

4. Understand the process of writing a research proposal.

5. Understand the process of conducting a literature review.

COUN 8310 Week 12 Pre-requisites

COUN 8310 Course Instructor(s): David S. Sesma and Mari L. Hinnant

COUN 8310 Course Description: COUN 8310 Course is a prerequisite for the doctoral research design COUN 8310 Course, COUN 8310, offered in the following semester. Students will have the opportunity to develop a research topic and design a study that can be used in COUN 8310. Students are required to submit their research proposal in addition to taking a written examination on common research designs used in counseling psychology. Grades from COUN 8310 Course carry forward as an Incomplete (I) grade into COUN 8310. There is no grade penalty for transferring the I grade into COUN 8310.

*COUN 8310 Course meets during Summer 2020 in online format only

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COUN 8310 Week 12 Duration

Week 12: Module 9 – Introduction to Clinical Trials and Meta-Analysis

COUN 8310 Week 12 Learning Outcomes

COUN 8310 Course is an intensive study of the major research designs used in counseling and other social science disciplines. Major designs addressed include: (a) experimental, quasi-experimental, single-subject experimental; (b) comparative and correlational; (c) ethnographic, case study, and historical; (d) content and disCOUN 8310 Course analysis; (e) phenomenological and grounded theory; (f) survey research; and (g) meta-analysis. In addition to covering specific designs, students will learn how to read research articles critically. Students will learn how to identify the research design that was used in a study, what components of the design were utilized, how effective the design was for the specific type of study being conducted, what limitations were imposed by the design on findings reported in the article, and what other designs could have been used.

Students who successfully complete COUN 8310 Course will be able to:

COUN 8310 Week 12 Assessment & Grading

“`
| # | Title | Type | Author(s) | Date |
| — | — | — | — | — |
| 1.0 | COUN 8310 Course Schedule* | Pages 2-3 | Slides, Spring 2020; edited by Chris R. Glass, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, ACS | March 20, 2020 |
| 2.0 | Overview of Assessment & Grading for COUN 8310 – Research Design (5 credits) | Page 4 | Slides, Spring 2020; edited by Chris R. Glass, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, ACS | March 20, 2020 |
“`

## 1.0 – COUN 8310 Course Schedule*
Slides: [Week 12](https://github.com/christophergirard/COUN8310-Research-Design/blob/master/schedule%208310%20W12%20Spring%202020%20(1).pdf)
**COUN 8310 Course Calendar**

– Week 12: April 27th – May 1st

– Tuesday 4/28:
– Review for Final Exam in COUN 8310

– Wednesday 4/29:

– Thursday 4/30:

– Friday 5/1:

> Assignment Due this week: ***Final Exam*** in COUN 8310 **Due Friday 5/1 at midnight**

*This will be a Take Home Final Exam which will cover all of the COUN 8310 Course content including all of the lectures and readings.* **It will also cover your research paper as well as any other assignments you have submitted up to this point.**

*Readings & Assignments prior to this week may be used on the final exam.* **You will not be able to use any resources other than those you have already used throughout the semester in preparing your final exam responses.**

**Final Exam Response Instructions and Formatting will be provided to you with your final exam questions on Monday 4/27 at 8am**. This exam is due no later than Friday 5/1 at midnight . You will receive individualized feedback from me via a recorded video response if you complete and submit your final exam on time .

> Recommendations for completing final exam questions:

It is advisable to begin working on the take home final exam questions as soon as you receive them via email or canvas message from me (Monday 4/27 at 8am). If you have any questions about the exam questions please feel free to ask me via email or canvas message during business hours of operation (Mon-Fri 9am-5pm). If it is after business hours I would recommend sending an email rather than a canvas message so that I can more readily respond to your question(s). Finally if you have any technical problems with submitting your exam please send an email as soon as possible so that I can help resolve any technical difficulties you are experiencing and make sure that I receive your responses. Please feel free to send me an email with any questions about the COUN 8310 Course content or assignments at anytime throughout the semester! It is my goal for everyone in this class to do well so please let me know how I can best support each one of you individually! Thank you!

**Schedule notes**
*Schedule may change based on class needs and availability.*

> ***** = denotes required reading(s) or assignment(s). Readings must be completed before class unless otherwise noted. Assignments must be completed by the due date unless otherwise noted*. ||******* = denotes required reading(s) or assignment(s) that need to be completed before class AND are also discussed in class*. Readings must be completed before class unless otherwise noted. Assignments must be completed by the due date unless otherwise noted|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ***Note regarding Lecture Slides & Audio Recordings:*** The lecture slides are provided in advance so that students have time to read through them prior to coming to class each week and preparing for discussions in class each week. Audio recordings will also be available for students who need additional time for review and preparation or who miss a session due to illness or other obligations . Any changes made during discussions based on student needs will also be documented within lecture slides and recorded audio files if they are made while students are present so that they may refer back to those items later when reviewing materials prior to their exams and paper submissions . Every effort has been made to make sure all information needed by students is provided in both formats however there may always be some slight differences between what is discussed in person versus what is discussed online so please pay close attention when reviewing materials prior to exams and papers! |||||||| ***COUN 8310 Course Materials*** || All reading material should either come directly from the textbook (see textbook section below) OR come from another source listed within each individual reading assignment below . Links listed next each reading assignment refer directly back into reading material within our COUN 8310 Course textbook . When applicable links will also provide access directly into lecture slides covering important information from our textbook . Please see [Week 12](https://github.com/christophergirard/COUN8310-Research-Design/blob/master/schedule%208310%20W12%20Spring%202020%20(1).pdf) schedule for full details concerning readings for this week’s scheduled topics . |||| See below for Textbook information . || All assignment directions , deadlines , rubrics , etc., can be found within Canvas under “Assignments” at http://uttyler.instructure.com/. If a document isn’t already posted then check back later because it should appear there shortly ! Your instructor reserves the right to modify assignments , deadlines , etc., at anytime throughout the semester !! || ***Attendance Policy*** || Regular attendance (presence) is expected during scheduled sessions including lecture , discussion , fieldwork placements , practicum experiences , etc., unless other arrangements are made with instructors ahead of time before absences occur ! Attendance policy modifications may occur based on individual instructors’ requirements throughout different COUN 8310 Courses but general attendance policies remain consistent across all programs / departments / colleges / etc., at UT Tyler . For example : regular attendance means showing up prepared according to syllabus requirements including readings , assignments , etc., having appropriate technology ready such as laptops charged with battery power or power cords available if using desktops / smartboards / projectors / computers , not engaging excessively in side conversations unrelated directly related COUN 8310 Course topics being discussed ; not sleeping ; not taking excessive personal phone calls ; not leaving early without seeking permission from instructor first ; etc., unless other arrangements have been made with instructor ahead of time ! Another example : In order for attendance requirements related fieldwork placements or practicum experiences being fulfilled online sessions must include actual participation within digital platforms such as Zoom Meetings / WebEx Meetings / GoToMeeting Sessions / FaceTime Sessions / Skype Calls / Google Hangouts Session s / Facebook Live Sessions / Twitch Streams : audio video webcam features must actually work properly while engaged within synchronous sessions ; connection speed must actually allow user inputs such as audio video webcam features to function properly while engaged within synchronous sessions ; user inputs such as audio video webcam features must actually remain enabled while engaged within synchronous sessions ; users cannot leave early without seeking permission first ; users cannot engage excessively unrelated side conversations during synchronized sessions instead of listening actively towards ongoing lectures being taught by instructors; users cannot sleep during synchronized sessions; users cannot take excessive personal phone calls during synchronized sessions; etc., unless other arrangements have been made with instructors ahead of time ! || ***Technical Problems?*** || Technology problems do happen occasionally but usually we can fix most issues quickly once we know about them ! Most technology issues occur when students attempt accessing their computer accounts too soon after initial account creation while account information hasn’t fully processed through UT Tyler’s system yet ! Another reason technology issues sometimes arise includes incorrect usernames & passwords entered into various computer systems too many times causing account lockouts ! Another potential cause might include incorrectly entered login credentials trying too often over several days causing accounts going dormant until someone either resets login credentials again which requires additional steps involving University personnel approval processes beyond my authority level ! These types of problems usually require contacting University Helpdesk 24 Hour Support line found here http://www2.uttyler.edu//itsupportcenter/. Once an initial ticket number has been assigned submit ticket number along with name & contact info via Canvas Message through “Inbox” feature located top left corner dashboard screen inside COUN 8310 Course site ! Please include name & contact info along with ticket number so that University ITSU Support technicians can easily assist each student individually since every issue tends vary slightly depending upon factors specific only towards certain students’ individual situations ! Thanks everyone !! While technology problems do happen occasionally they don’t last forever although they might seem that way initially sometimes until resolved !! Keep calm & carryon !! 🙂 || ***Emergency Closings? *** || Weather conditions causing campus closings can happen sometimes although they don’t happen very often but it does happen sometimes especially around wintertime snowfall events although even summertime weather events could possibly lead towards campus closings depending upon circumstances occurring off campus beyond control UT Tyler officials !! In case weather conditions get bad enough where UT Tyler decides closing campus temporarily please monitor official University website main page found here https://www.uttyler.edu/. Additional updates regarding campus closings usually get posted instantly onto official University Facebook page found here https://www.facebook.com/. Official University Twitter account usually gets updated almost immediately as well but just in case posting here https://twitter.com/?lang=en|| ***Special Needs? *** || If needing special accommodations due physical disability issues please contact University Office Student Disability Resources found here http://www2..uttyler./studentdisabilityresources/. If needing special accommodations due mental health disability issues please contact University Counseling Center found here http://www2..uttyler./counselingcenter/. If needing special accommodations due learning disability issues please contact University Testing Services located inside Memorial Library room #3006 found here http://www2..uttyler./testingcenter/. If needing special accommodations due religious reasons then feel free discuss further details directly towards instructor ASAP! There’s no need waiting until end semester stress levels getting too high potentially leading towards loss credit!! Anyone seeking special accommodations needs arranging those services well advance typically starting process earlier beginning weekSemester starts! The sooner we get started making things happen smoothly better!! So please don’t hesitate getting started!! Enjoy learning process!! 🙂

COUN 8310 Week 12 Suggested Resources/Books

Required Text:

Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2013). Practical research: Planning and design (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN-13: 978-0321879741

COUN 8310 Week 12 Assignment (20 Questions)

1. What is the most important factor to consider when designing a research study?
2. How do you determine the sample size for a research study?
3. How do you choose the appropriate research design for your study?
4. What are some common pitfalls in research design?
5. How does the research design impact the interpretation of results?
6. How does the research design impact the external validity of a study?
7. What is an experiment?
8. What is a quasi-experiment?
9. What is a field experiment?
10. What is an observational study?
11. What is a cross-sectional study?
12. What is a longitudinal study?
13. What is a case-control study?
14. What is a cohort study?
15. What is a time-series design?
16. What are some advantages and disadvantages of experimental designs?
17. What are some advantages and disadvantages of quasi-experimental designs?
18. What are some advantages and disadvantages of observational designs?
19. How does the type of data collected impact the choice of research design?
20. How does the use of secondary data impact the choice of research design?

COUN 8310 Week 12 Assignment Question (20 Questions)

1. What is the meaning of a *null* hypothesis? (1 point)

The null hypothesis is the hypothesis that there is no difference between two groups or no association between two variables.

2. What is the purpose of a power analysis? (1 point)

A power analysis is used to determine the sample size needed to detect a desired effect size with a desired level of power.

3. Why is it important to use an appropriate statistical test? (1 point)

Using an appropriate statistical test is important because it ensures that the results of the study are meaningful and accurate.

4. What are some factors that can influence the power of a statistical test? (1 point)

Some factors that can influence the power of a statistical test include the sample size, the level of significance, and the type of data.

5. What is the meaning of a *Type I error*? (1 point)

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

COUN 8310 Week 12 Discussion 1 (20 Questions)

Complete ALL the questions below. Please do not provide answers to the questions, as I will be providing answers to the questions based on my research, knowledge and experience in this area.

1. What is the difference between exploratory and confirmatory research?

2. What is the difference between basic and applied research?

3. What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?

4. What are the benefits of conducting research?

5. What are the challenges of conducting research?

COUN 8310 Week 12 DQ 1 (20 Questions)

1. How is ethics defined in research? What are the major ethical considerations that must be taken into account when designing and conducting research?

2. What is informed consent? Why is it important? What are some of the challenges associated with obtaining informed consent?

3. What is debriefing? Why is it important? What are some of the challenges associated with debriefing research participants?

4. What are some of the ethical issues that must be considered when conducting research with children and adolescents?

5. What are some of the ethical issues that must be considered when conducting research with vulnerable populations?

6. What are some of the ethical issues that must be considered when conducting research with humans and animals?

7. What are some of the ethical issues that must be considered when conducting research on sensitive topics?

8. What are some of the ethical issues that must be considered when conducting online research?

COUN 8310 Week 12 Discussion 2 (20 Questions)

1. What is the purpose of random assignment in experimental research? Why is it important? Give an example of a research question that would not benefit from random assignment and explain why. (2 points)

2. Describe the four basic steps of hypothesis testing. Explain what each step represents and how they are related to each other. (4 points)

3. In what ways do quasi-experimental designs differ from true experimental designs? When might a researcher choose to use a quasi-experimental design over a true experimental design? (4 points)

4. Explain the concept of internal validity and provide an example of a threat to internal validity in experimental research. (2 points)

5. What is the difference between replication and generalization in research? Which is more important and why? (2 points)

6. What are the differences between descriptive and inferential statistics? When would a researcher use each type of statistic? Provide an example of a situation where inferential statistics would be used. (4 points)

COUN 8310 Week 12 DQ 2 (20 Questions)

COUN 8310 Course Description

COUN 8310 is the study of research designs in counseling. COUN 8310 Course covers four types of research designs: experimental, quasi-experimental, nonexperimental, and mixed methods. Students will learn to identify and apply each design to counseling problems, examine ethical issues involved in research with human participants, and critique research reports in the professional literature. COUN 8310 Course assignments include designing a research proposal and writing a research report. Prerequisites: COUN 8210 (Counseling Theory), COUN 8320 (Quantitative Methods), and COUN 8330 (Qualitative Methods).

COUN 8310 Week 12 Quiz (20 Questions)

The following 20 questions cover the material from weeks 11-12 (SPSS) for your COUN 8310 Course. Be sure to review the weekly lecture, lesson, and web resources as you prepare for this quiz. You have 1 hour to complete this quiz. The last 5 questions are worth 4 points each (20 points total). Good luck!

COUN 8310 Week 12 MCQ’s (20 Multiple Choice Questions)

1. What is true about qualitative research?

A. It is used to collect quantitative data.
B. It uses hypothesis testing methods to answer research questions.
C. Its primary goal is to describe a particular phenomenon.
D. Its findings cannot be generalized to a larger population.

C. Its primary goal is to describe a particular phenomenon.

COUN 8310 Week 13 Description

COUN 8310 Course covers the basics of research design, sampling, and data collection. The emphasis is on quantitative methods. Topics include: research designs, basic statistical analysis, hypothesis testing, and inferential statistics.

COUN 8310 Week 13 Outline

**Readings**:
* Read textbook chapters assigned for this week.
* Complete required readings from the Argosy University online library resources.

**COUN 8310 Course Activities and Grading**:
|Activities and Assignments | Points|
|:—————————————————————– | —–:|
|Class Discussions (Weeks 1–13) | 40 |
|Final Paper (Week 13) | 100 |

**Total** | **150** |

### COUN 8310 Course Outline

|Week 1||
|:—-|—|—|
|**Topic**: Psychology of Research Methods in Counseling |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||| **Date**: January 15, 2015 |||| **Assignment(s)**: ||||*Read required chapters from the textbook.*
*Complete required readings from the Argosy University online library resources.*
*Participate in the Class Discussion.
*Submit your Week 1 Journal Entry by Day 7.*
*Share your journal entry with a classmate for peer review. Submit your Journal Entry with Peer Review to the Week 1 Journal Dropbox no later than Day 7.*
*Submit your weekly journal to the Dropbox located on the silver tab at the top of this page.*
||||*Class Discussions begin on Day 1.*
||||—– |||| |||| |||| |||| —– || — – — – — – — —- – — — — —- —— ———- —- — —— —- ——- —— ——— ———- ——— ——— ——- —— ——— ———- —————– ———- —- —— —— — — — —- —– —— —– ——- ——- —— —— ——- ——- —– ——- — ——- — —— ——– ——– ——– ——– ——– ———————- ————————————————————– ————————————————————– ————————————————————– ——————————————————————————————– —————————————————————————————————- —————————————————————————————————- —————————————————————————————————- —————————————————————————————————- —————————————————————————————————- ——————————————————————————————————————————-

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